Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, MS 421 Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 40536-0298, Lexington, KY, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, 78249, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2018;415:83-112. doi: 10.1007/82_2017_49.
The infectious cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi necessitates persistent infection of both vertebrates and ticks, and efficient means of transmission between those two very different types of hosts. The Lyme disease spirochete has evolved mechanisms to sense its location in the infectious cycle, and use that information to control production of the proteins and other factors required for each step. Numerous components of borrelial regulatory pathways have been characterized to date. Their effects are being pieced together, thereby providing glimpses into a complex web of cooperative and antagonistic interactions. In this chapter, we present a broad overview of B. burgdorferi gene and protein regulation during the natural infectious cycle, discussions of culture-based methods for elucidating regulatory mechanisms, and summaries of many of the known regulatory proteins and small molecules. We also highlight areas that are in need of substantially more research.
伯氏疏螺旋体的感染循环需要脊椎动物和蜱虫的持续感染，以及这两种非常不同类型宿主之间有效的传播方式。莱姆病螺旋体已经进化出感知其在感染循环中位置的机制，并利用这些信息来控制每个步骤所需的蛋白质和其他因素的产生。迄今为止，已经对许多伯氏疏螺旋体调控途径的组成部分进行了描述。它们的作用正在被拼凑起来，从而使我们对复杂的合作和拮抗相互作用网络有了一些了解。在本章中，我们对伯氏疏螺旋体在自然感染循环中基因和蛋白质的调控进行了广泛的概述，讨论了阐明调控机制的基于培养的方法，并对许多已知的调控蛋白和小分子进行了总结。我们还强调了需要更多研究的领域。
