Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymer Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences Profsoyuznaya st. 70, Moscow 117393, Russia.
Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Russia, Vavilova St., 28, GSP-1, V-334, Moscow 119991, Russia.
Molecules. 2017 Oct 23;22(10):1768. doi: 10.3390/molecules22101768.
In this review, we discuss currently available studies on the synthesis and properties of MQ copolymers. The data on methods of producing hydrolytic and heterofunctional polycondensation of functional organosilanes as well as the obtaining MQ copolymers based on silicic acids and nature silicates are considered. The ratio of M and Q monomers and the production method determine the structure of MQ copolymers and, accordingly, their physicochemical characteristics. It is shown that the most successful synthetic approach is a polycondensation of organoalkoxysilanes in the medium of anhydrous acetic acid, which reduces the differences in reactivity of M and Q monomers and leads to obtaining a product with uniform composition in all fractions, with full absence of residual alkoxy-groups. The current concept of MQ copolymers is that of organo-inorganic hybrid systems with nanosized crosslinked inorganic regions limited by triorganosilyl groups and containing residual hydroxyl groups. The systems can be considered as a peculiar molecular composites consisting of separate parts that play the role of a polymer matrix, a plasticizer, and a nanosized filler.
在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前关于 MQ 共聚物的合成和性质的研究。考虑了关于功能性有机硅烷水解和杂缩聚以及基于硅酸和天然硅酸盐获得 MQ 共聚物的方法的数据。M 和 Q 单体的比例和生产方法决定了 MQ 共聚物的结构，从而决定了它们的物理化学性质。结果表明，最成功的合成方法是在无水乙酸介质中进行有机烷氧基硅烷的缩聚，这降低了 M 和 Q 单体的反应性差异，并导致在所有馏分中获得组成均匀的产物，完全没有残留的烷氧基基团。目前对 MQ 共聚物的认识是，它们是具有纳米交联无机区域的有机-无机杂化系统，这些区域由三有机硅基基团限制，并含有残留的羟基。这些系统可以被认为是由单独的部分组成的特殊分子复合材料，这些部分分别起着聚合物基质、增塑剂和纳米级填料的作用。
