Holmes Leslie A, VanLaerhoven Sherah L, Tomberlin Jeffery K
Department of Biology, Queen's University, Canada.
Department of Biology, University of Windsor, Canada.
Environ Entomol. 2017 Dec 8;46(6):1439-1447. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvx165.
This study tested the effect of photophase duration on black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.; Diptera: Stratiomyidae), development. Successful larval eclosion, development time and adult emergence were measured for individuals exposed to 0 h, 8 h, and 12 h of light, at approximately 27°C and 70% relative humidity. Accumulated degree hours (ADH) were calculated to correct for differences in temperature across treatments. Larvae successfully eclosed in all treatments, with larvae in 12 h light requiring 5.77% and 4.5% fewer ADH to eclose than larvae in 0 h and 8 h, respectively. Overall, larvae in 0 h required 39.34% and 37.78% more ADH to complete their development from egg to adult than larvae in 8 h and 12 h, respectively. The effect of photophase duration on juvenile development was largest in the post-feeding stage, and smallest in the pupal stage. Specifically, post-feeding larvae in 0 h required 80.02% and 90.08% more ADH to pupate than larvae in 8 h and 12 h, respectively, but pupae in 8 h required 9.63% and 7.52% fewer ADH to eclose than pupae in 0 h and 12 h, respectively. Lastly, larval mortality was significantly higher in 0 h, with 72% survivorship, and 96% and 97% in 8 h and 12 h, respectively. However, 17.8% of mortality in the absence of light is hypothesized to be a result of predation by Arachnidae and Blattidae. These data could prove valuable for optimizing industrial processes for mass-production of this species for use as alternative protein in feed for livestock, poultry, and aquaculture.
本研究测试了光照阶段时长对黑水虻（Hermetia illucens (L.; 双翅目：水虻科)）发育的影响。在约27°C和70%相对湿度条件下，对暴露于0小时、8小时和12小时光照的个体测量了成功的幼虫羽化、发育时间和成虫羽化情况。计算了积温小时数（ADH）以校正各处理间温度的差异。所有处理中的幼虫均成功羽化，12小时光照处理中的幼虫羽化所需的ADH分别比0小时和8小时光照处理中的幼虫少5.77%和4.5%。总体而言，0小时光照处理中的幼虫从卵发育至成虫所需的ADH分别比8小时和12小时光照处理中的幼虫多39.34%和37.78%。光照阶段时长对幼虫发育的影响在取食后期最大，在蛹期最小。具体而言，0小时光照处理中取食后的幼虫化蛹所需的ADH分别比8小时和12小时光照处理中的幼虫多80.02%和90.08%，但8小时光照处理中的蛹羽化所需的ADH分别比0小时和12小时光照处理中的蛹少9.63%和7.52%。最后，0小时光照处理中的幼虫死亡率显著更高，存活率为72%，而8小时和12小时光照处理中的存活率分别为96%和97%。然而，据推测，在无光照条件下17.8%的死亡率是蛛形纲和蜚蠊科捕食的结果。这些数据对于优化该物种大规模生产的工业流程可能具有重要价值，该物种可作为家畜、家禽和水产养殖饲料中的替代蛋白质。
