College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE.
Sleep and Health Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2019 Jan 4;21(2):139-148. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntx236.
Declining national rates of current tobacco use to an all-time low of 15.1% represents a public health victory. Undermining this progress, however, are smoking rates of up to 50% among high-risk, low-income populations. Current FDA-approved treatments for nicotine dependence are ineffective with between 70-95% of treatment-seekers relapsing within the first year of attempted abstinence. Thus, identification of novel intervention targets to optimize response to currently available treatments for nicotine dependence is a critical next step. One such target may be sleep insomnia. Insomnia is a clinically verified nicotine withdrawal symptom but, to date, addressing insomnia or other sleep disturbance symptoms as an adjunctive smoking cessation therapy has yet to be fully considered. To this end, this manuscript presents a narrative review of: (1) sleep continuity and architecture in smokers versus nonsmokers; (2) effects of nicotine abstinence on sleep; (3) possible mechanisms linking sleep with smoking cessation outcomes; (4) plausible adjunctive sleep therapies to promote smoking cessation; (5) possible treatments for unhealthy sleep in smokers; and (6) directions for future research. Taken together, this will provide conceptual support for sleep therapy as an adjunctive treatment for smoking cessation.
This narrative literature review presents a comprehensive discussion of the relationship between habitual sleep and cigarette smoking. The extent to which unhealthy sleep in smokers may be a viable intervention target for promoting response to smoking cessation treatment is considered. Ultimately, this review provides conceptual support for sleep therapy as an adjunctive treatment for smoking cessation.
将当前烟草使用的全国比率降至历史最低点 15.1%，这是公共卫生的胜利。然而，破坏这一进展的是高危、低收入人群中高达 50%的吸烟率。目前，美国食品和药物管理局批准的尼古丁依赖治疗方法对 70-95%的寻求治疗者在试图戒烟的第一年复发无效。因此，确定新的干预目标，以优化对目前可用的尼古丁依赖治疗方法的反应，是下一步的关键。一个这样的目标可能是睡眠失眠。失眠是一种临床验证的尼古丁戒断症状，但迄今为止，将失眠或其他睡眠障碍症状作为辅助戒烟治疗尚未得到充分考虑。为此，本文对以下方面进行了叙述性综述：（1）吸烟者与非吸烟者的睡眠连续性和结构；（2）尼古丁戒断对睡眠的影响；（3）睡眠与戒烟结果之间可能的联系机制；（4）促进戒烟的合理辅助睡眠治疗；（5）吸烟者不健康睡眠的可能治疗方法；（6）未来研究的方向。综上所述，这将为睡眠治疗作为戒烟辅助治疗提供概念支持。
本叙述性文献综述全面讨论了习惯性睡眠与吸烟之间的关系。考虑到吸烟者不健康的睡眠可能是促进戒烟治疗反应的一个可行的干预目标。最终，这篇综述为睡眠治疗作为戒烟辅助治疗提供了概念支持。
