School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China; State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China.
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Feb;148:261-268. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.038. Epub 2017 Nov 6.
Chemical immobilization technologies involving the use of chemical absorbents such as nanomaterials have been recommended for the remediation of Cd-contaminated water and soil. The impact of nanomaterials or nanomaterials coexisting with other contaminants on aquatic organisms has been reported, but information on the toxic effects of nanomaterial-adsorbed cadmium (Nano-Cd) on aquatic organisms is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of Nano-Cd on Daphnia magna by using a method developed based on the standard Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 202 guidelines. The toxicity of cadmium chloride (Cd), nano-manganese dioxide-cadmium (nMnO-Cd), 20nm nano-hydroxyapatite-cadmium (nHAP-Cd), and 40nm nano-hydroxyapatite-cadmium (nHAP-Cd) to D. magna was in the following order: Cd> nMnO-Cd > nHAP-Cd > nHAP-Cd. Further, nMnO-Cd, nHAP-Cd, and nHAP-Cd showed acute toxicity to D. magna of level II grade according to the Commission of the European Communities and OECD standards. Exposure to low and medium, but not high, Nano-Cd concentrations increased the activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and anti-superoxide anion. Thus, Nano-Cd, particularly at high concentrations, could exert oxidative damage in D. magna. An increase in Cd and Nano-Cd concentrations gradually increased the malondialdehyde content, indicating cell membrane damage caused by the production of excessive O. Thus, the use of nanomaterials after adsorption of Cd is associated with a potential risk to aquatic organisms.
化学固定化技术涉及使用纳米材料等化学吸收剂，已被推荐用于修复镉污染的水和土壤。已经报道了纳米材料或与其他污染物共存的纳米材料对水生生物的影响，但缺乏关于纳米材料吸附镉（Nano-Cd）对水生生物的毒性影响的信息。本研究旨在根据经济合作与发展组织（OECD）202 指南标准开发的方法，研究 Nano-Cd 对大型溞（Daphnia magna）的急性和亚急性毒性。氯化镉（Cd）、纳米二氧化锰-镉（nMnO-Cd）、20nm 纳米羟基磷灰石-镉（nHAP-Cd）和 40nm 纳米羟基磷灰石-镉（nHAP-Cd）对大型溞的毒性顺序为：Cd>nMnO-Cd>nHAP-Cd>nHAP-Cd。此外，nMnO-Cd、nHAP-Cd 和 nHAP-Cd 根据欧盟委员会和经合组织标准，对大型溞表现出二级 II 级急性毒性。暴露于低浓度和中浓度，但不是高浓度的 Nano-Cd 会增加过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和抗超氧阴离子的活性。因此，Nano-Cd，尤其是在高浓度下，可能会对大型溞造成氧化损伤。Cd 和 Nano-Cd 浓度的增加逐渐增加了丙二醛的含量，表明由于 O 的产生过多而导致细胞膜损伤。因此，纳米材料在吸附 Cd 后使用可能会对水生生物带来潜在风险。
