Zimmermann A, Keller H U, Cottier H
Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
Eur J Cell Biol. 1988 Dec;47(2):320-6.
Heavy water (D2O) induces characteristic shape changes and a distinct type of movement in human neutrophil granulocytes. In contrast to front-tail polarity as evoked by chemotactic peptides and microtubule-disassembling agents, D2O-based media produce non-polar neutrophils with many small or long surface projections. This phenotype is similar to that elicited by both phorbol myristate acetate and diacylglycerols, but the surface projections are smaller and more densely placed and are often associated with a single large projection. D2O-induced non-polar cells with surface projections perform continuous shape changes without front-tail polarity and without the unidirectional movement and cytoplasmic streaming seen in cells with front-tail polarity. Some of the cells show circus movements of a large projection indicating circular polarity. In neutrophils suspended in D2O, F-actin is shifted to the cell periphery, mainly into the surface projections of activated cells. The D2O-induced effects are reversed in H2O-based medium. D2O is dominant over the chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP), colchicine and taxol in that the combined action of D2O with any of these agents results in the D2O-induced phenotype. In contrast, cytochalasin B alone and in combination with fMLP induces a considerable decrease of non-polar cells and an increase of spherical cells similar to non-stimulated cells in H2O-based medium. Earlier studies indicated that D2O acts on microtubules. Our results suggest that D2O may act on the microfilament system. Neutrophils suspended in D2O-based medium may represent a useful model to study the relationship between shapes, movements, and particular functions of these cells.
重水（D2O）可诱导人类嗜中性粒细胞发生特征性的形态变化和一种独特的运动方式。与趋化肽和微管解聚剂所引发的前后极性不同，基于重水的培养基会产生具有许多小的或长的表面突起的非极性嗜中性粒细胞。这种表型类似于佛波酯和二酰甘油所引发的表型，但表面突起更小且分布更密集，并且常常与单个大的突起相关联。具有表面突起的重水诱导的非极性细胞会进行连续的形态变化，没有前后极性，也没有具有前后极性的细胞中所见到的单向运动和细胞质流动。一些细胞显示出大突起的环行运动，表明存在环形极性。在悬浮于重水的嗜中性粒细胞中，F-肌动蛋白会转移至细胞周边，主要进入活化细胞的表面突起中。在基于水的培养基中，重水诱导的效应会逆转。重水在与趋化肽N-甲酰-L-甲硫氨酰-L-亮氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸（fMLP）、秋水仙碱和紫杉醇的作用方面占主导地位，因为重水与这些试剂中的任何一种联合作用都会导致重水诱导的表型。相比之下，细胞松弛素B单独以及与fMLP联合使用时，会导致非极性细胞显著减少，球形细胞增加，类似于在基于水的培养基中未受刺激的细胞。早期研究表明重水作用于微管。我们的结果表明重水可能作用于微丝系统。悬浮于基于重水的培养基中的嗜中性粒细胞可能是研究这些细胞的形态、运动和特定功能之间关系的有用模型。
