Standorf Kali, Cortés-Hinojosa Galaxia, Venn-Watson Stephanie, Rivera Rebecca, Archer Linda L, Wellehan James F X
1 Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32608, USA.
2 National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92152, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 2018 Jan;54(1):112-121. doi: 10.7589/2017-03-052. Epub 2017 Oct 27.
: Adenoviruses are nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses, known to infect members of all tetrapod classes, with a similarity between phylogenies of hosts and viruses observed. We characterized bottlenose dolphin adenovirus 2 (BdAdV-2) found in a bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus) with enteritis. Virions were seen by negative staining electron microscopy of feces. Initial sequences obtained using conserved PCR primers were expanded using primer walking techniques, and the complete coding sequence was obtained. Phylogenetic analyses were consistent with coevolution of this virus and its bottlenose dolphin host, placing BdAdV-2 into a monophyletic group with other mastadenoviruses of Cetartiodactyla. When considering the low guanine/cytosine (G/C) content of BdAdV-2 with the phylogenetic data, this virus may represent a host-jumping event from another member of Cetartiodactyla. Analysis of partial polymerase indicated that bottlenose dolphin adenovirus 1, previously identified in Spain, and BdAdV-2 are sister taxa with harbor porpoise adenovirus 1, forming a cetacean clade. Bottlenose dolphin adenovirus 2 includes a highly divergent fiber gene. Two genes homologous to the dUTPase superfamily are also present which could play a role in enabling viral replication in nondividing cells. We used sequence data to develop a probe hybridization quantitative PCR assay specific to BdAdV-2 with a limit of detection of 10 copies.
腺病毒是无包膜的双链DNA病毒，已知可感染所有四足动物类别的成员，并且观察到宿主和病毒的系统发育之间存在相似性。我们对在一只患有肠炎的宽吻海豚（瓶鼻海豚）中发现的宽吻海豚腺病毒2（BdAdV-2）进行了特征描述。通过粪便的负染色电子显微镜观察到了病毒粒子。使用保守的PCR引物获得的初始序列通过引物步移技术进行了扩展，并获得了完整的编码序列。系统发育分析与该病毒及其宽吻海豚宿主的共同进化一致，将BdAdV-2与偶蹄目其他乳腺病毒归为一个单系群。结合系统发育数据考虑BdAdV-2的低鸟嘌呤/胞嘧啶（G/C）含量，该病毒可能代表了来自偶蹄目其他成员的宿主跳跃事件。对部分聚合酶的分析表明，先前在西班牙鉴定出的宽吻海豚腺病毒1和BdAdV-2是港湾鼠海豚腺病毒1的姐妹分类单元，形成了一个鲸类分支。宽吻海豚腺病毒2包含一个高度分化的纤维基因。还存在两个与dUTPase超家族同源的基因，它们可能在使病毒在非分裂细胞中复制方面发挥作用。我们利用序列数据开发了一种针对BdAdV-2的探针杂交定量PCR检测方法，检测限为10个拷贝。
