Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
Ceva Salute Animale, Viale Colleoni 15, 20864 Agrate Brianza (MB), Italy.
Poult Sci. 2018 Jan 1;97(1):303-312. doi: 10.3382/ps/pex292.
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a great economic burden both for productive losses and costs of the control strategies. Many different vaccination protocols are applied in the same region and even in consecutive cycles on the same farm in order to find the perfect balance between costs and benefits. In Northern Italy, the usual second vaccination is more and more often moved up to the chick's first d of life. The second strain administration together with the common Mass priming by spray at the hatchery allows saving money and time and reducing animal stress. The present work compared the different vaccine strains (Mass-like or B48, and 1/96) kinetics both in field conditions and in a 21-day-long experimental trial in broilers, monitoring the viral replication by upper respiratory tract swabbing and vaccine specific real time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) quantification. In both field and experimental conditions, titers for all the vaccines showed an increasing trend in the first 2 wk and then a decrease, though still remaining detectable during the whole monitored period. IBV field strain and avian Metapneumovirus (aMPV) presence also was also investigated by RT-PCR and sequencing, and by multiplex real-time RT-PCR, respectively, revealing a consistency in the pathogen introduction timing at around 30 d, in correspondence with the vaccine titer's main decrease. These findings suggest the need for an accurate knowledge of live vaccine kinetics, whose replication can compete with the other pathogen one, providing additional protection to be added to what is conferred by the adaptive immune response.
传染性支气管炎病毒 (IBV) 不仅给生产带来损失,而且控制策略的成本也很高,这给养殖业带来了巨大的经济负担。为了在成本和收益之间找到完美的平衡,许多不同的疫苗接种方案在同一地区甚至在同一农场的连续周期中应用。在意大利北部,通常将第二次疫苗接种越来越早地安排在小鸡的第一天。在孵化场进行第二次疫苗接种和常见的 Mass 喷雾免疫,既可以节省资金和时间,又可以减少动物应激。本研究比较了不同疫苗株(Mass 样或 B48 和 1/96)在田间条件和 21 天肉鸡实验中的动力学,通过上呼吸道拭子和疫苗特异性实时 RT-PCR(RT-PCR)定量监测病毒复制。在田间和实验条件下,所有疫苗的滴度在前 2 周呈上升趋势,然后下降,但在整个监测期间仍可检测到。还通过 RT-PCR 和测序以及多重实时 RT-PCR 分别检测了 IBV 田间株和禽偏肺病毒 (aMPV) 的存在,发现病原体的引入时间在大约 30 天左右一致,与疫苗滴度的主要下降相对应。这些发现表明需要准确了解活疫苗的动力学,其复制可以与其他病原体竞争,为适应性免疫反应提供的保护之外提供额外的保护。