Medical Image Computing, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany.
Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2018 Jan;13(1):37-45. doi: 10.1007/s11548-017-1677-3. Epub 2017 Oct 27.
The growing number of technical systems in the operating room has increased attention on developing touchless interaction methods for sterile conditions. However, touchless interaction paradigms lack the tactile feedback found in common input devices such as mice and keyboards. We propose a novel touchless eye-tracking interaction system with auditory display as a feedback method for completing typical operating room tasks. Auditory display provides feedback concerning the selected input into the eye-tracking system as well as a confirmation of the system response.
An eye-tracking system with a novel auditory display using both earcons and parameter-mapping sonification was developed to allow touchless interaction for six typical scrub nurse tasks. An evaluation with novice participants compared auditory display with visual display with respect to reaction time and a series of subjective measures.
When using auditory display to substitute for the lost tactile feedback during eye-tracking interaction, participants exhibit reduced reaction time compared to using visual-only display. In addition, the auditory feedback led to lower subjective workload and higher usefulness and system acceptance ratings.
Due to the absence of tactile feedback for eye-tracking and other touchless interaction methods, auditory display is shown to be a useful and necessary addition to new interaction concepts for the sterile operating room, reducing reaction times while improving subjective measures, including usefulness, user satisfaction, and cognitive workload.
手术室中越来越多的技术系统使得人们对开发用于无菌环境的非接触式交互方法的关注度增加。然而，非接触式交互范式缺乏鼠标和键盘等常见输入设备所具有的触觉反馈。我们提出了一种新型的非接触式眼动追踪交互系统，该系统采用听觉显示作为反馈方法，用于完成典型的手术室任务。听觉显示提供了有关眼动追踪系统中所选输入的反馈以及对系统响应的确认。
我们开发了一种具有新型听觉显示的眼动追踪系统，该系统使用耳标和参数映射声音化，允许进行六种典型的洗手护士任务的非接触式交互。通过新手参与者的评估，比较了听觉显示和视觉显示在反应时间和一系列主观度量方面的表现。
在使用眼动追踪交互时使用听觉显示来替代丢失的触觉反馈，与仅使用视觉显示相比，参与者的反应时间会缩短。此外，听觉反馈导致主观工作量降低，而有用性和系统接受度评分更高。
由于眼动追踪和其他非接触式交互方法缺乏触觉反馈，因此听觉显示对于无菌手术室的新交互概念来说是一种有用且必要的补充，可以缩短反应时间，同时改善包括有用性、用户满意度和认知工作量在内的主观指标。
