Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, USA.
University of Michigan, USA.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2017 Dec;18:147-151. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.07.032. Epub 2017 Aug 4.
Most evidence regarding the mental characteristics of people with different socio-economic status (SES) backgrounds is based on behavioral, implicit, or self-report measures. Recently, however, this literature has been significantly expanded by the application of innovative neuroscience methods to the study of social class (functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalogram). In this paper, we provide an overview of the neuroscience of SES, with a focus on three key sets of findings. First, lower SES is linked to greater attunement to others. Second, lower SES is associated with holistic cognitive styles. Third, lower SES is linked to greater reactivity to threat. Limitations of the current evidence are acknowledged, and new directions for future work are suggested. Particularly promising is the current effort to incorporate frameworks from evolutionary psychology and behavioral ecology into neuroscience research on SES.
大多数关于不同社会经济地位（SES）背景人群心理特征的证据都是基于行为、内隐或自我报告的测量。然而，最近，通过将创新的神经科学方法应用于社会阶层（功能性磁共振成像和脑电图）的研究，这一文献得到了极大的扩展。在本文中，我们提供了 SES 的神经科学概述，重点介绍了三组关键发现。首先，较低的 SES 与对他人的更高协调度有关。其次，较低的 SES 与整体认知风格有关。第三，较低的 SES 与对威胁的更大反应性有关。承认当前证据的局限性，并提出了未来工作的新方向。目前，将进化心理学和行为生态学的框架纳入 SES 的神经科学研究中，这一努力尤其有前途。
