Troullioud Lucas Alexandre G., Bamarni Sahand, Panda Sanjeet K., Mendez Magda D.
Lincoln Medical Center
Baycare Hospital Wesley Chapel
Umbilical hernias typically manifest as a noticeable bulge in the area surrounding the navel in a newborn baby, which becomes more evident when the infant cries or exerts pressure. This is a frequent observation made during the routine well-baby checkups with a pediatrician in the first months of a baby's life. First-time (or inexperienced) parents may express significant concerns during these visits when they notice a protrusion in their infant's belly button, as they are often unfamiliar with this phenomenon and tend to become anxious. Moreover, parents might be concerned about the possibility of their child experiencing severe complications due to an umbilical hernia, leading them to question whether there are any preventive measures they should undertake to mitigate these risks. Clinicians should effectively educate parents on the condition's natural progression, as more than 90% of umbilical hernias in neonates and young children are asymptomatic, and they typically resolve spontaneously by the age of 5 or earlier. Parents of the infants should also receive guidance regarding the indications for potential early intervention and be educated on how to recognize signs that may indicate incarceration or strangulation of the umbilical hernia. The umbilicus is composed of 4 components: Cicatrix refers to the dense and thick scar tissue deep within the umbilical center. It represents the convergence of various fetal mesodermal layers, including the round hepatic ligament, median umbilical ligaments, parietal and transversalis fascia, umbilical fascia, and peritoneum. The cushion is a slightly raised ridge that forms the circumferential margin of the umbilicus. Furrows form the creases and depression within the umbilicus. Mamelon represents the area of the central hump, bulge, or umbilical depression. The shape of the umbilicus at birth may hold some influence and predictive value in the development of persistent pediatric umbilical hernias. More than 60 normal anatomical variations have been identified. A particular study revealed that individuals with a protruding or crescent-shaped umbilicus had a higher risk of developing umbilical hernias than those with the more common concave shape.
脐疝通常表现为新生儿肚脐周围区域有明显的隆起，婴儿哭闹或用力时更为明显。这是在婴儿出生后的头几个月与儿科医生进行常规健康检查时经常观察到的情况。初为父母（或经验不足的父母）在这些检查中注意到婴儿肚脐有突出时，可能会表达出极大的担忧，因为他们通常不熟悉这种现象，容易变得焦虑。此外，父母可能担心孩子因脐疝而出现严重并发症，从而质疑是否有任何预防措施可以降低这些风险。临床医生应有效地向父母介绍这种病症的自然发展过程，因为超过90%的新生儿和幼儿脐疝是无症状的，通常在5岁或更早时会自行消失。婴儿的父母还应得到有关潜在早期干预指征的指导，并了解如何识别可能表明脐疝嵌顿或绞窄的迹象。肚脐由4个部分组成：瘢痕组织是指脐中心深处致密而厚实的瘢痕组织。它代表了各种胎儿中胚层层的汇合处，包括肝圆韧带、脐正中韧带、腹横筋膜、脐筋膜和腹膜。脐垫是形成肚脐圆周边缘的略微隆起的脊。脐沟形成肚脐内的褶皱和凹陷。脐凸代表中央隆起、突出或脐凹陷的区域。出生时肚脐的形状可能对小儿持续性脐疝的发展有一定影响和预测价值。已确定有60多种正常的解剖变异。一项特别研究表明，肚脐突出或呈新月形的人比肚脐形状更常见的凹陷形的人患脐疝的风险更高。
