Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, UK.
BMC Biol. 2017 Oct 30;15(1):98. doi: 10.1186/s12915-017-0434-y.
Population geneticists have long sought to understand the contribution of natural selection to molecular evolution. A variety of approaches have been proposed that use population genetics theory to quantify the rate and strength of positive selection acting in a species' genome. In this review we discuss methods that use patterns of between-species nucleotide divergence and within-species diversity to estimate positive selection parameters from population genomic data. We also discuss recently proposed methods to detect positive selection from a population's haplotype structure. The application of these tests has resulted in the detection of pervasive adaptive molecular evolution in multiple species.
群体遗传学家长期以来一直试图了解自然选择对分子进化的贡献。已经提出了多种方法，这些方法利用群体遗传学理论来量化物种基因组中正向选择的速率和强度。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了利用种间核苷酸分歧和种内多样性模式从群体基因组数据估计正向选择参数的方法。我们还讨论了最近提出的从群体单倍型结构中检测正向选择的方法。这些测试的应用导致在多个物种中检测到普遍的适应性分子进化。
