Chen Wen-Ching, Hsu Fang-Yu, Yen Jui-Hung
a International Bachelor Program of Agribusiness, National Chung-Hsing University , Taichung , Taiwan , Republic of China.
b Department of Agricultural Chemistry , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan , Republic of China.
J Environ Sci Health B. 2018 Jan 2;53(1):87-94. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1375835. Epub 2017 Oct 31.
Manure amendment in agricultural practice can have a large effect on herbicide dissipation because the period of manure plowing is close to the period of herbicide application. In addition, manure amendment is among the frequently encountered options in ameliorating pesticide pollution. In this research, the dissipation of the herbicide pendimethalin was examined after amendment with two common green manures, Lupinus luteus (L) or Cosmos bipinnatus (C), for 110 days in pH 5.2 and 7.7 soils (Sankengtzu [Sk] and Erhlin [Eh] soil, respectively). The microbial activity and ecology changes were examined by using Biolog EcoPlate and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). In Sk soil, the half-lives of pendimethalin with L, C, and blank treatment were 49.0, 54.9, and 62.2 days, respectively, whereas that in Eh soil they were 46.3, 52.6, and 34.8 days, respectively. Pendimethalin dissipated quickly in more neutral soil (Eh soil), but the addition of manure can only increase the dissipation rate in acidic soil (Sk soil), indicating that the amendment of manures exerted different effect in pendimethalin dissipation rates in different pH soils. The application of pendimethalin and/or manure altered the microbial community activity after 24 h of incubation. After 110 days, the microbial community activities in green manure-amended soil were more similar to that with blank than pendimethalin treatment in both types of soils. In comparison with treatment C, microbial communities were more similar between treatment L and blank, indicating the superior effect over pendimethalin on microbial communities when applying Lupinus luteus. The research showed that the application of herbicide pendimethalin changed soil microbial community, and the amendment of manures exerted different effect in pendimethalin dissipation rates in different pH soils. It is assumed that the change in dissipation rates was originated from the microbial community change after different manure amendment.
农业实践中的粪肥改良对除草剂的降解可能有很大影响，因为粪肥翻耕期与除草剂施用期相近。此外，粪肥改良是缓解农药污染时经常采用的方法之一。本研究中，在pH值分别为5.2和7.7的土壤（分别为三坑土[Sk]和二林土[Eh]）中，用两种常见绿肥，即黄羽扇豆（L）或波斯菊（C）进行改良后，对除草剂二甲戊灵的降解情况进行了110天的检测。通过使用Biolog生态板和变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）检测微生物活性和生态变化。在Sk土壤中，添加L、C和空白处理的二甲戊灵半衰期分别为49.0天、54.9天和62.2天，而在Eh土壤中，它们分别为46.3天、52.6天和34.8天。二甲戊灵在更中性的土壤（Eh土壤）中降解迅速，但添加粪肥只会增加酸性土壤（Sk土壤）中的降解速率，这表明粪肥改良对不同pH值土壤中二甲戊灵的降解速率有不同影响。施用二甲戊灵和/或粪肥24小时后，微生物群落活性发生了改变。110天后，在两种类型的土壤中，绿肥改良土壤中的微生物群落活性与空白处理比与二甲戊灵处理更为相似。与处理C相比，处理L和空白之间的微生物群落更为相似，这表明施用黄羽扇豆时对微生物群落的影响优于二甲戊灵。研究表明，除草剂二甲戊灵的施用改变了土壤微生物群落，粪肥改良对不同pH值土壤中二甲戊灵的降解速率有不同影响。据推测，降解速率的变化源于不同粪肥改良后微生物群落的变化。
