Decety Jean, Pape Robert, Workman Clifford I
a Department of Psychology , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.
b Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience , University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.
Soc Neurosci. 2018 Oct;13(5):511-529. doi: 10.1080/17470919.2017.1400462. Epub 2017 Nov 8.
Why are some people capable of sympathizing with and/or committing acts of political violence, such as attacks aimed at innocent targets? Attempts to construct terrorist profiles based on individual and situational factors, such as clinical, psychological, ethnic, and socio-demographic variables, have largely failed. Although individual and situational factors must be at work, it is clear that they alone cannot explain how certain individuals are radicalized. In this paper, we propose that a comprehensive understanding of radicalization and of how it may lead to political violence requires the integration of information across multiple levels of analysis and interdisciplinary perspectives from evolutionary theory, social, personality and cognitive psychology, political science and neuroscience. Characterization of the structural-functional relationships between neural mechanisms and the cognitive and affective psychological processes that underpin group dynamics, interpersonal processes, values and narratives, as well as micro-sociological processes may reveal latent drivers of radicalization and explain why some people turn to extreme political violence. These drivers may not be observable within a single individual level of scientific enquiry. The integrative, multilevel approach that characterizes social neuroscience has the potential to provide theoretical and empirical clarity regarding the antecedents of radicalization and support for extreme violence.
为什么有些人能够同情和/或实施政治暴力行为，比如针对无辜目标的袭击？基于个人和情境因素（如临床、心理、种族和社会人口统计学变量）构建恐怖分子侧写的尝试大多以失败告终。尽管个人和情境因素肯定在起作用，但很明显，仅靠它们无法解释某些人是如何被激进化的。在本文中，我们提出，要全面理解激进化以及它如何导致政治暴力，需要整合多个分析层面的信息以及来自进化理论、社会、人格与认知心理学、政治学和神经科学的跨学科视角。对神经机制与支撑群体动态、人际过程、价值观和叙事以及微观社会学过程的认知和情感心理过程之间的结构功能关系进行刻画，可能会揭示激进化的潜在驱动因素，并解释为什么有些人会走向极端政治暴力。这些驱动因素可能在单一的个体科学探究层面上无法观察到。社会神经科学所特有的综合、多层次方法有潜力为激进化的前因以及对极端暴力的支持提供理论和实证上的清晰阐释。
