Nicklin Chris, Martinez-Hardigree Josue, Warne Adam, Green Stephen, Burt Martin, Naylor John, Dorman Adam, Wicks Dean, Din Salahud, Riede Moritz
Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton OX11 0DE, United Kingdom.
Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
Rev Sci Instrum. 2017 Oct;88(10):103901. doi: 10.1063/1.4989761.
A sample environment to enable real-time X-ray scattering measurements to be recorded during the growth of materials by thermal evaporation in vacuum is presented. The in situ capabilities include studying microstructure development with time or during exposure to different environmental conditions, such as temperature and gas pressure. The chamber provides internal slits and a beam stop, to reduce the background scattering from the X-rays passing through the entrance and exit windows, together with highly controllable flux rates of the evaporants. Initial experiments demonstrate some of the possibilities by monitoring the growth of bathophenanthroline (BPhen), a common molecule used in organic solar cells and organic light emitting diodes, including the development of the microstructure with time and depth within the film. The results show how BPhen nanocrystal structures coarsen at room temperature under vacuum, highlighting the importance of using real time measurements to understand the as-deposited pristine film structure and its development with time. More generally, this sample environment is versatile and can be used for investigation of structure-property relationships in a wide range of vacuum deposited materials and their applications in, for example, optoelectronic devices and energy storage.
本文介绍了一种样品环境，可在真空中通过热蒸发生长材料的过程中记录实时X射线散射测量结果。原位功能包括研究随时间变化或在暴露于不同环境条件（如温度和气压）期间的微观结构发展。该腔室提供内部狭缝和光束阻挡器，以减少穿过入射和出射窗口的X射线的背景散射，同时还具有高度可控的蒸发剂通量率。初步实验通过监测浴铜灵（BPhen）的生长展示了一些可能性，BPhen是有机太阳能电池和有机发光二极管中常用分子，包括薄膜内微观结构随时间和深度的发展。结果表明，在真空下室温时BPhen纳米晶体结构如何粗化，突出了使用实时测量来理解沉积时原始薄膜结构及其随时间发展的重要性。更一般地说，这种样品环境具有通用性，可用于研究各种真空沉积材料的结构-性能关系及其在例如光电器件和能量存储中的应用。
