Qiu Xiaoju, Yu Jing, Li Tingyu, Cheng Nanhua, Zhu Liqi
CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Front Psychol. 2017 Oct 18;8:1855. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01855. eCollection 2017.
There are two forms of unfairness widely studied in resource allocation settings: disadvantageous inequity (DI) in which one receives less than the partner and advantageous inequity (AI) in which one receives more than the other. We investigated children's aversion to AI and DI in a procedural justice context. Children of 4-, 6-, and 8- years old were asked to spin a wheel (procedure) to decide how to allocate two different rewards with others. In each condition, they chose between a fair procedure providing equal chances for the two parties to get the bigger reward, and an unfair procedure (either a disadvantageous procedure in the DI condition, or an advantageous procedure in the AI condition). Results showed that children in the two younger age groups had a preference for the unfair procedure that would maximize their own profit in AI, but a greater aversion to the unfair procedure that would disadvantage them in DI. Eight-year-olds, however, had a greater preference for the fair procedure in AI than the 6-year-olds. In addition, the discrepancy between aversion to AI and DI disappeared in the 8-year-olds. The findings indicate children's development of other-oriented concerns such as fairness concern and altruism in procedural justice, consistent with previous findings in distributive justice.
在资源分配情境中，有两种广泛研究的不公平形式：不利不公平（DI），即一方所得少于另一方；有利不公平（AI），即一方所得多于另一方。我们在程序正义背景下研究了儿童对AI和DI的厌恶。4岁、6岁和8岁的儿童被要求转动一个轮盘（程序）来决定如何与他人分配两种不同的奖励。在每种情况下，他们要在为双方提供平等机会获得更大奖励的公平程序，以及不公平程序（在DI情况下是不利程序，在AI情况下是有利程序）之间做出选择。结果表明，两个较年幼年龄组的儿童在AI情况下偏好能使自己获利最大化的不公平程序，但在DI情况下对会使自己处于不利地位的不公平程序更为厌恶。然而，8岁儿童在AI情况下比6岁儿童更偏好公平程序。此外，8岁儿童对AI和DI的厌恶差异消失了。研究结果表明，儿童在程序正义中发展出了诸如公平关注和利他主义等以他人为导向的关注点，这与分配正义中的先前研究结果一致。
