Arnold John B, Caravaggi Paolo, Fraysse François, Thewlis Dominic, Leardini Alberto
Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia.
Movement Analysis Laboratory, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
J Foot Ankle Res. 2017 Oct 30;10:47. doi: 10.1186/s13047-017-0228-z. eCollection 2017.
In 3D gait analysis, kinematics of the foot joints are usually reported via isolated time histories of joint rotations and no information is provided on the relationship between rotations at different joints. The aim of this study was to identify movement coordination patterns in the foot during walking by expanding an existing vector coding technique according to an established multi-segment foot and ankle model. A graphical representation is also described to summarise the coordination patterns of joint rotations across multiple patients.
Three-dimensional multi-segment foot kinematics were recorded in 13 adults during walking. A modified vector coding technique was used to identify coordination patterns between foot joints involving calcaneus, midfoot, metatarsus and hallux segments. According to the type and direction of joints rotations, these were classified as in-phase (same direction), anti-phase (opposite directions), proximal or distal joint dominant.
In early stance, 51 to 75% of walking trials showed proximal-phase coordination between foot joints comprising the calcaneus, midfoot and metatarsus. In-phase coordination was more prominent in late stance, reflecting synergy in the simultaneous inversion occurring at multiple foot joints. Conversely, a distal-phase coordination pattern was identified for sagittal plane motion of the ankle relative to the midtarsal joint, highlighting the critical role of arch shortening to locomotor function in push-off.
This study has identified coordination patterns between movement of the calcaneus, midfoot, metatarsus and hallux by expanding an existing vector cording technique for assessing and classifying coordination patterns of foot joints rotations during walking. This approach provides a different perspective in the analysis of multi-segment foot kinematics, and may be used for the objective quantification of the alterations in foot joint coordination patterns due to lower limb pathologies or following injuries.
在三维步态分析中，足关节的运动学通常通过关节旋转的孤立时间历程来报告，而未提供不同关节旋转之间关系的信息。本研究的目的是通过根据已建立的多节段足踝模型扩展现有的矢量编码技术，识别步行过程中足部的运动协调模式。还描述了一种图形表示法，以总结多个患者关节旋转的协调模式。
记录了13名成年人步行时的三维多节段足部运动学。使用改良的矢量编码技术来识别涉及跟骨、中足、跖骨和拇趾节段的足关节之间的协调模式。根据关节旋转的类型和方向，将其分类为同相（相同方向）、反相（相反方向）、近端或远端关节主导。
在站立初期，51%至75%的步行试验显示，由跟骨、中足和跖骨组成的足关节之间存在近端相协调。同相协调在站立后期更为突出，反映了多个足关节同时内翻时的协同作用。相反，相对于中跗关节，踝关节矢状面运动呈现远端相协调模式，突出了足弓缩短在蹬离阶段对运动功能的关键作用。
本研究通过扩展现有的矢量编码技术，识别了跟骨、中足、跖骨和拇趾运动之间的协调模式，用于评估和分类步行过程中足关节旋转的协调模式。这种方法为多节段足部运动学分析提供了不同的视角，可用于客观量化由于下肢病理或受伤导致的足关节协调模式的改变。
