Trupe Lydia A, Rositch Anne, Dickerson Lindsay, Lucas Su, Harvey Susan C
, University of Cape Town School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Cape Town; , University of Witwatersrand School of Medicine and Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa; , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; and , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; and , Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.
J Glob Oncol. 2017 Feb 8;3(5):509-514. doi: 10.1200/JGO.2016.008102. eCollection 2017 Oct.
Breast cancer survival is unacceptably low in many low-resource settings, including rural South Africa, where access to screening and treatment services is limited. To describe the context for implementing an early detection program, we assessed knowledge and attitudes toward breast cancer risk, early detection, and treatment.
We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 243 women presenting to Hlokomela Clinic in Hoedspruit, South Africa, during April and May 2016. We used quantitative and qualitative analyses to determine levels of knowledge of risk factors, symptoms, and treatment of breast cancer, as well as experience with and attitudes toward detection and treatment methods.
Thirty-one percent of women correctly identified at least six of 12 risk factors for breast cancer, and 53.1% identified breast lumps as an important symptom. Although > 97% of women stated that self-breast examination and early detection were highly important and that they would seek care for changes in their breasts, only 33.3% of women reported performing self-breast examination, and only 24.3% reported receiving a clinical breast examination. Age and education were not associated with knowledge, and level of knowledge did not predict care-seeking behaviors or attitudes.
Although women demonstrated moderate levels of knowledge of breast cancer symptoms and risk factors and the importance of early detection, few women reported seeking services. These data demonstrate sufficient levels of knowledge and positive attitudes toward care seeking and suggest both a need and readiness for increased access to cost-effective services to facilitate early diagnosis and improved outcomes.
在包括南非农村地区在内的许多资源匮乏地区，乳腺癌生存率低得令人无法接受，这些地区获得筛查和治疗服务的机会有限。为了描述实施早期检测项目的背景，我们评估了对乳腺癌风险、早期检测和治疗的知识及态度。
2016年4月至5月期间，我们对南非霍德斯普鲁特市Hlokomela诊所的243名女性进行了横断面调查。我们采用定量和定性分析来确定对乳腺癌风险因素、症状和治疗的知晓程度，以及对检测和治疗方法的体验及态度。
31%的女性正确识别出了12项乳腺癌风险因素中的至少6项，53.1%的女性将乳房肿块识别为重要症状。尽管超过97%的女性表示自我乳房检查和早期检测非常重要，且她们会因乳房变化而寻求医疗护理，但只有33.3%的女性报告进行过自我乳房检查，只有24.3%的女性报告接受过临床乳房检查。年龄和教育程度与知识水平无关，知识水平也无法预测就医行为或态度。
尽管女性对乳腺癌症状、风险因素以及早期检测的重要性有一定程度的了解，但很少有女性报告寻求相关服务。这些数据表明，女性对就医有足够的知识水平和积极态度，这表明既需要也有意愿增加获得具有成本效益的服务的机会，以促进早期诊断并改善治疗结果。
