McGee Sasha A, Claudio Luz
District of Columbia Department of Health, Center for Policy, Planning and Evaluation, 899 North Capitol Street NE, Washington, DC, 20002, USA.
Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of International Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
J Immigr Minor Health. 2018 Jun;20(3):517-528. doi: 10.1007/s10903-017-0667-4.
Nativity is not often considered in the study of health disparities. We conducted a cross-sectional, parent-reported survey of demographics, socioeconomic characteristics, healthcare access, and health conditions in New York City schoolchildren (n = 9029). US-born children with US-born parents (US/US) had higher socioeconomic status, better access to healthcare, and reported higher rates of disease diagnoses compared to US-born children with immigrant parents and to immigrant children. Dental cavities were the only condition in which US/US children reported lower prevalence. US/US children had the best healthcare access, most favorable parent-reported health status and highest rate of satisfaction with healthcare. The magnitude of racial/ethnic disparities varied based on nativity of the children being compared. Factors such as the healthy immigrant effect and differential diagnosis rates may explain the results. In conclusion, nativity influences disease burdens and should be considered in health disparities studies.
在健康差异研究中，出生情况并不常被考虑。我们对纽约市学童（n = 9029）进行了一项横断面、由家长报告的关于人口统计学、社会经济特征、医疗保健可及性和健康状况的调查。与父母为移民的美国出生儿童以及移民儿童相比，父母均为美国出生的美国出生儿童（美国/美国）具有更高的社会经济地位、更好的医疗保健可及性，且报告的疾病诊断率更高。龋齿是美国/美国儿童报告患病率较低的唯一疾病。美国/美国儿童拥有最佳的医疗保健可及性、家长报告的最有利健康状况以及对医疗保健的最高满意度。种族/族裔差异的程度因所比较儿童的出生情况而异。健康移民效应和诊断率差异等因素可能解释了这些结果。总之，出生情况会影响疾病负担，在健康差异研究中应予以考虑。
