Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine at UCL, London WC1N 3BG, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Neuron. 2017 Nov 1;96(3):667-679. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.015.
Neurons are the largest known cells, with complex and highly polarized morphologies. As such, neuronal signaling is highly compartmentalized, requiring sophisticated transfer mechanisms to convey and integrate information within and between sub-neuronal compartments. Here, we survey different modes of compartmentalized signaling in neurons, highlighting examples wherein the fundamental cell biological processes of protein synthesis and degradation, membrane trafficking, and organelle transport are employed to enable the encoding and integration of information, locally and globally within a neuron. Comparisons to other cell types indicate that neurons accentuate widely shared mechanisms, providing invaluable models for the compartmentalization and transfer mechanisms required and used by most eukaryotic cells.
神经元是已知的最大细胞，具有复杂且高度极化的形态。因此，神经元信号传递高度分隔，需要复杂的传递机制在亚神经元隔室内部和之间传递和整合信息。在这里，我们调查了神经元中不同的分隔信号模式，重点介绍了蛋白质合成和降解、膜运输和细胞器运输等基本细胞生物学过程被用来在神经元内局部和全局范围内编码和整合信息的例子。与其他细胞类型的比较表明，神经元强调了广泛共享的机制，为大多数真核细胞所需和使用的分隔和传递机制提供了宝贵的模型。
