Development and Use of Biomass Research Group, School of Engineering, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
Department of Chemistry, Office: 611 Natural Sciences Complex, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Jan;25(2):1519-1532. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-0364-9. Epub 2017 Nov 2.
The Magdalena River, the main river of Colombia, receives contaminated effluents from different anthropogenic activities along its path. However, the Magdalena River is used as drinking water source for approximately 30 million inhabitants, as well as a major source of fish for human consumption. Only a few studies have been conducted to evaluate the environmental and toxicological quality of the Magdalena River. To evaluate sediment toxicity, wild-type and GFP transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans were exposed to methanolic extracts, and effects on lethality, locomotion, growth, and gene expression were determined based on fluorescence spectroscopy. These biological and biochemical parameters were correlated with measured pollutant concentrations (PAHs and trace elements), identifying patterns of toxicity along the course of the river. Effects on lethality, growth, and locomotion were observed in areas influenced by industrial, gold mining, and petrochemical activities. Changes in gene expression were evident for cyp-34A9, especially in the sampling site located near an oil refinery, and at the seaport, in Barranquilla City. Body bend movements were moderately correlated with Cr and As concentrations. The expression of mtl-1, mtl-2, hsp-6, and hsp-70 were significantly associated with Pb/U, Pb, Sr, and As/Sr/Pb/U, respectively. Interestingly, toxicity of methanolic as well as aqueous extracts were more prone to be dependent on Cd, Zn, and Th. In general, ecological risk assessment showed sediments display low environmental impact in terms of evaluated metals and PAHs. Different types of waste disposal on the Magdalena River, as a result of mining, domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities, incorporate toxic pollutants in sediments, which are capable of generating a toxic response in C. elegans.
马格达莱纳河是哥伦比亚的主要河流，沿途接纳了各种人为活动的污染废水。然而，马格达莱纳河被约 3000 万居民用作饮用水源，也是人类消费鱼类的主要来源。只有少数研究评估了马格达莱纳河的环境和毒理学质量。为了评估沉积物的毒性，野生型和 GFP 转基因秀丽隐杆线虫被暴露于甲醇提取物中，并根据荧光光谱法确定对致死率、运动、生长和基因表达的影响。这些生物和生化参数与测量的污染物浓度（多环芳烃和微量元素）相关联，确定了河流沿程的毒性模式。在受工业、采金和石化活动影响的地区观察到了对致死率、生长和运动的影响。cyp-34A9 的基因表达发生变化，特别是在靠近炼油厂和巴兰基亚市海港的采样点。身体弯曲运动与 Cr 和 As 浓度中度相关。mtl-1、mtl-2、hsp-6 和 hsp-70 的表达与 Pb/U、Pb、Sr 和 As/Sr/Pb/U 显著相关。有趣的是，甲醇和水提物的毒性更容易依赖于 Cd、Zn 和 Th。一般来说，生态风险评估显示，就评估的金属和多环芳烃而言，沉积物的环境影响较低。由于采矿、家庭、农业和工业活动，马格达莱纳河上的各种废物处理将有毒污染物纳入沉积物中，这可能导致秀丽隐杆线虫产生毒性反应。
