Zamudio-Rodríguez Alfonso, Aguilar-Navarro Sara, Avila-Funes José Alberto
Maestrías y Doctorados en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Epidemiología Clínica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Servicio de Geriatría, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México.
Gac Med Mex. 2017;153(5):598-607. doi: 10.24875/GMM.17002875.
In 2014, 17% of newly diagnosed HIV infection cases in the United States were made in people over 50 years of age; actually, it is expected that in the near future this population group will be the most affected. This epidemiological change can be explained by the increased incidence of HIV infection in people over 50 years, but also by its higher prevalence due to treatment advances. As HIV infection has become a chronic one, new challenges have emerged. For instance, early-onset "geriatric syndromes," such as frailty, have been recognized in these patients. Frailty refers to a physiological state of vulnerability that increases the risk of adverse health-related outcomes. Frail individuals have higher risk of cognitive impairment; however, it is not known if early-onset frailty in those infected by HIV could also increase the risk of cognitive impairment in this already vulnerable population. The purpose of this review article is to describe, from an epidemiological point of view, the relationship between the changes promoted by HIV and the syndrome of frailty on cognitive function.
2014年，美国新诊断出的HIV感染病例中，17%发生在50岁以上人群；实际上，预计在不久的将来，这一年龄段人群将受影响最大。这种流行病学变化既可以用50岁以上人群HIV感染发病率上升来解释，也可以用治疗进展导致该人群患病率升高来解释。由于HIV感染已变为慢性疾病，新的挑战随之出现。例如，这些患者中已发现有“老年综合征”早发的情况，如身体虚弱。身体虚弱是指一种生理上的脆弱状态，会增加不良健康相关后果的风险。身体虚弱的个体发生认知障碍的风险更高；然而，尚不清楚HIV感染者中早发性身体虚弱是否也会增加这个本就脆弱人群的认知障碍风险。这篇综述文章的目的是从流行病学角度描述HIV引发的变化与身体虚弱综合征对认知功能的关系。
