Gibaud Thomas
Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France.
J Phys Condens Matter. 2017 Dec 13;29(49):493003. doi: 10.1088/1361-648X/aa97f9.
Filamentous bacteriophages such as fd-like viruses are monodisperse rod-like colloids that have well defined properties of diameter, length, rigidity, charge and chirality. Engineering these viruses leads to a library of colloidal rods, which can be used as building blocks for reconfigurable and hierarchical self-assembly. Their condensation in an aqueous solution with additive polymers, which act as depletants to induce attraction between the rods, leads to a myriad of fluid-like micronic structures ranging from isotropic/nematic droplets, colloid membranes, achiral membrane seeds, twisted ribbons, π-wall, pores, colloidal skyrmions, Möbius anchors, scallop membranes to membrane rafts. These structures, and the way that they shape-shift, not only shed light on the role of entropy, chiral frustration and topology in soft matter, but also mimic many structures encountered in different fields of science. On the one hand, filamentous phages being an experimental realization of colloidal hard rods, their condensation mediated by depletion interactions constitutes a blueprint for the self-assembly of rod-like particles and provides a fundamental foundation for bio- or material-oriented applications. On the other hand, the chiral properties of the viruses restrict the generalities of some results but vastly broaden the self-assembly possibilities.
丝状噬菌体，如fd样病毒，是单分散的棒状胶体，具有明确的直径、长度、刚性、电荷和手性等特性。对这些病毒进行工程改造可得到一系列胶体棒，它们可用作可重构和分层自组装的构建单元。它们在含有添加剂聚合物的水溶液中凝聚，这些聚合物作为耗尽剂诱导棒之间的吸引力，从而产生无数类似流体的微米级结构，包括各向同性/向列相液滴、胶体膜、非手性膜种子、扭曲带、π壁、孔、胶体斯格明子、莫比乌斯锚、扇贝膜到膜筏。这些结构及其变形方式，不仅揭示了熵、手性受挫和拓扑结构在软物质中的作用，还模仿了不同科学领域中遇到的许多结构。一方面，丝状噬菌体作为胶体硬棒的实验实例，其由耗尽相互作用介导的凝聚构成了棒状颗粒自组装的蓝图，并为生物或材料导向的应用提供了基础。另一方面，病毒的手性特性限制了某些结果的普遍性，但极大地拓宽了自组装的可能性。
