1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
2 Department of Critical Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
J Intensive Care Med. 2018 Sep;33(9):491-501. doi: 10.1177/0885066617740079. Epub 2017 Nov 5.
The management of the critically ill patients with asthma can be rather challenging. Potentially devastating complications relating to this presentation include hypoxemia, worsening bronchospasm, pulmonary aspiration, tension pneumothorax, dynamic hyperinflation, hypotension, dysrhythmias, and seizures. In contrast to various other pathologies requiring mechanical ventilation, acute asthma is generally associated with better outcomes. This review serves as a practical guide to the physician managing patients with severe acute asthma requiring mechanical ventilation. In addition to specifics relating to endotracheal intubation, we also discuss the interpretation of ventilator graphics, the recommended mode of ventilation, dynamic hyperinflation, permissive hypercapnia, as well as the role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and noninvasive mechanical ventilation.
危重症哮喘患者的管理颇具挑战性。与这种表现相关的潜在灾难性并发症包括低氧血症、支气管痉挛恶化、肺吸入、张力性气胸、动态过度充气、低血压、心律失常和癫痫发作。与需要机械通气的其他各种病理情况不同,急性哮喘通常与更好的结果相关。本文旨在为管理需要机械通气的严重急性哮喘患者的医生提供实用指南。除了与气管插管相关的具体内容外,我们还讨论了呼吸机图形的解读、推荐的通气模式、动态过度充气、允许性高碳酸血症以及体外膜氧合和无创机械通气的作用。