Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Pharmacy School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Department of Medical Clinic, Medicine School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Immunol Lett. 2017 Dec;192:52-60. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.10.014. Epub 2017 Oct 26.
The cells T CD4+ T and CD8+ can be subdivided into phenotypes naïve, T of central memory, T of effector memory and effector, according to the expression of surface molecules CD45RO and CD27. The T lymphocytes are cells of long life with capacity of rapid expansion and function, after a new antigenic exposure. In tuberculosis, it was found that specific memory T cells are present, however, gaps remain about the role of such cells in the disease immunology. In this study, the phenotypic profile was analyzed and characterized the functionality of CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells of memory and effector, in response to specific stimuli in vitro, in patients with active pulmonary TB, compared to individuals with latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis the ones treated with pulmonary TB. It was observed that the group of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis was the one which presented the highest proportion of cells T CD4+ of central memory IFN-ɣ+ e TNF-α+, suggesting that in TB, these T of central memory cells would have a profile of protective response, being an important target of study for the development of more effective vaccines; this group also developed lower proportion of CD8+ T effector lymphocytes than the others, a probable cause of specific and less effective response against the bacillus in these individuals; the ones treated for pulmonary tuberculosis were those who developed higher proportion of T CD4+ of memory central IL-17+ cells, indicating that the stimulation of long duration, with high antigenic load, followed by elimination of the pathogen, contribute to more significant generation of such cells; individuals with latent infection by M. tuberculosis and treated for pulmonary tuberculosis, showed greater response of CD8+ T effector lymphocytes IFN-ɣ+ than the controls, suggesting that these cells, as well as CD4+ T lymphocytes, have crucial role of protection against M. tuberculosis. These findings have contributed to a better understanding of the immunologic changes in M. tuberculosis infection and the development of new strategies for diagnosis and prevention of tuberculosis.
根据表面分子 CD45RO 和 CD27 的表达，T CD4+ T 和 CD8+ T 细胞可以分为幼稚型、中央记忆型 T 细胞、效应记忆型 T 细胞和效应型 T 细胞。T 淋巴细胞是具有长寿命和快速扩增及功能的细胞，在新的抗原暴露后。在结核病中，发现存在特定的记忆 T 细胞，但关于这些细胞在疾病免疫学中的作用仍存在差距。在这项研究中，分析了表型谱，并在体外对来自活动性肺结核患者的记忆 T 细胞和效应 T 细胞的功能进行了表征，与潜伏性结核分枝杆菌感染个体和接受肺结核治疗的个体进行了比较。结果表明，活动性肺结核患者组中 IFN-ɣ+和 TNF-α+中央记忆 CD4+ T 细胞的比例最高，提示在结核病中，这些中央记忆 T 细胞可能具有保护性反应特征，是开发更有效的疫苗的重要研究目标；该组还产生了比其他组更少的 CD8+ T 效应淋巴细胞，这可能是这些个体对细菌产生特异性和低效应答的原因；接受肺结核治疗的患者中，具有更高比例的记忆中央 IL-17+ CD4+ T 细胞，这表明长时间、高抗原负荷的刺激，随后消除病原体，有助于此类细胞的更显著产生；潜伏性结核分枝杆菌感染并接受肺结核治疗的个体，其 CD8+ T 效应淋巴细胞 IFN-ɣ+的反应性强于对照组，表明这些细胞与 CD4+ T 淋巴细胞一样，在预防结核分枝杆菌方面具有重要的保护作用。这些发现有助于更好地了解结核分枝杆菌感染的免疫变化，并为结核病的诊断和预防提供新的策略。
