Boaz R F, Muller C F
Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York.
Med Care. 1989 Jan;27(1):1-15. doi: 10.1097/00005650-198901000-00001.
Various aspects of the demand for ambulatory services of physicians have been studied by researchers, but so far the effect of increased availability of nonwork time due to retirement on demand has not been examined. This study investigated whether discouraging early retirement (which was the intent of the 1983 Amendments to the Social Security Act) will reduce the use of medical services because persons who continue to work have less time than retirees for visits to doctors. This study found that, for men whose health does not interfere with work and who have had no in-hospital care in the study year, retirement does not increase the demand for ambulatory services when compared with being a part-time or full-time employee. However, compared with full-time self-employment, retirement increases the probability of using any physician services in the year by 14% and the number of physician visits by two visits. Although the self-employed have more control over their work time than employees, they may be more affected than employees by the loss of output and earnings associated with absence from the workplace.
研究人员已经对医生门诊服务需求的各个方面进行了研究，但迄今为止，退休导致的非工作时间增加对需求的影响尚未得到研究。本研究调查了抑制提前退休（这是1983年《社会保障法修正案》的意图）是否会减少医疗服务的使用，因为继续工作的人比退休人员去看医生的时间更少。本研究发现，对于健康状况不影响工作且在研究年度内没有住院治疗的男性而言，与兼职或全职员工相比，退休不会增加门诊服务需求。然而，与全职自主创业相比，退休会使当年使用任何医生服务的概率增加14%，医生就诊次数增加两次。虽然自主创业者比员工对工作时间有更多的控制权，但与缺勤相关的产出和收入损失可能使他们比员工受到更大的影响。
