Septic shock: special needs of patients with cancer.

Septic shock results in activated coagulation, cell injury, metabolic changes, and altered blood flow through the microcirculation. If left untreated, the end result is multiple organ failure and death. Patients with cancer are at increased risk of developing shock because of both host-related and treatment-related risk factors. Nursing cognizance of high-risk patients should promote close observation for signs and symptoms of early septic shock. Septic shock may be managed on the unit but signs of impending circulatory collapse and respiratory failure may warrant transferring the patient to the intensive care unit (ICU). Nursing measures include assessment, patient teaching, monitoring of all body systems, and special attention to the patient's psychosocial needs.