Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada , Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada.
Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto , Scarborough, Ontario MIC 1A4, Canada.
Environ Sci Technol. 2017 Dec 5;51(23):13929-13937. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04224. Epub 2017 Nov 21.
In the first multiyear sampling effort for POPs in the eastern Antarctic atmosphere, 32 PCBs and 38 organochlorine pesticides were targeted in air collected with a high-flow-through passive sampler. Agricultural chemicals were found to dominate atmospheric profiles, in particular HCB and endosulfan-I, with average concentrations of 12 600 and 550 fg/m, respectively. HCB showed higher concentrations in the austral summer, indicative of local, temperature-dependent volatilisation, while endosulfan-I appeared to show fresh, late-austral-summer input followed by temporally decreasing levels throughout the year. The current-use herbicide, trifluralin, and the legacy pesticides mirex and toxaphene, were detected in Antarctic air for the first time. Trifluralin was observed at low but increasing levels over the five-year period. Its detection in the Antarctic atmosphere provides evidence of its persistence and long-range environmental transport capability. While a time frame of five years exceeds the duration of most Antarctic air monitoring efforts, it is projected that continuous monitoring at the decadal scale is required to detect an annual 10% change in atmospheric concentrations of key analytes. This finding emphasizes the importance of continuous, long-term monitoring efforts in polar regions, that serve a special role as sentinel environments of hemispheric chemical usage trends.
在东极地区大气持久性有机污染物的首次多年采样工作中，利用高通量被动采样器采集的大气中目标检测了 32 种多氯联苯和 38 种有机氯农药。研究发现，农用化学品在大气剖面中占据主导地位，特别是 HCB 和硫丹-I，其平均浓度分别为 12600 fg/m 和 550 fg/m。HCb 在南半球夏季的浓度更高，表明存在局部、温度依赖性的挥发，而硫丹-I 似乎显示出新鲜的、晚夏季输入，随后在整个一年中浓度逐渐降低。首次在南极空气中检测到当前使用的除草剂氟乐灵和农药灭蚁灵和毒杀芬。在五年期间，氟乐灵的浓度一直在缓慢增加。它在南极大气中的检测为其持久性和长距离环境传输能力提供了证据。虽然五年的时间框架超过了大多数南极空气监测工作的持续时间，但预计需要在十年的时间尺度上进行连续监测，以检测关键分析物大气浓度每年 10%的变化。这一发现强调了在极地地区进行连续、长期监测工作的重要性，因为这些地区在监测半球化学使用趋势方面发挥着特殊的作用。
