Department of Physiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2018 Feb;25(1):36-41. doi: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000375.
The current review highlights recent advances in physiological and pharmacological researches in biology of mammalian bombesin-like peptides (BLPs).
BLPs and their receptors were found to have regulatory roles in many biological processes in central nervous system. Two BLPs, neuromedin B and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and their receptors are required for regulation of basal and induced sighing activity in rodents. This is the first study demonstrating central pathways involved in regulation of sighing activity. GRP receptor (GRPR) expressing neurons are excitatory glutamatergic interneurons located in the dorsal lamina without projections outside the spinal cord and mediate itch signals via vesicular glutamate transporter 2. Those neurons receive itch signals and make synapses with the parabrachial nucleus projecting spinal neurons to transmit itch signals to parabrachial nucleus. GRP expressing interneurons function in a proposed 'leaky gate model' to interpret the mechanism of both pain and itch transmission. In addition to recent advances of biology in nervous system, BLPs and their receptors were found to play potential regulatory roles in innate and adaptive immune responses and tissue development.
Several important biological roles of BLPs and their receptors in nervous system were identified. Together with researches regarding central roles of BLPs, studies revealing the regulatory roles of BLPs and their receptors in immunology and tissue development provide us with novel insights into understanding of the biology of BLPs and their receptors.
本综述强调了哺乳动物蛙皮素样肽（BLPs）的生理学和药理学研究的最新进展。
BLPs 及其受体被发现在中枢神经系统的许多生物学过程中具有调节作用。两种 BLPs，神经介素 B 和胃泌素释放肽（GRP）及其受体，对于调节啮齿动物的基础和诱导性叹息活动是必需的。这是第一项研究表明中央通路参与调节叹息活动。GRP 受体（GRPR）表达神经元是位于背层的兴奋性谷氨酸能中间神经元，没有脊髓外的投射，通过囊泡谷氨酸转运体 2 介导瘙痒信号。这些神经元接收瘙痒信号，并与臂旁核投射脊髓神经元形成突触，将瘙痒信号传递到臂旁核。GRP 表达中间神经元在拟议的“渗漏门控模型”中发挥作用，以解释疼痛和瘙痒传递的机制。除了神经系统生物学的最新进展外，BLPs 及其受体还被发现在内生和适应性免疫反应以及组织发育中发挥潜在的调节作用。
确定了 BLPs 及其受体在神经系统中的几个重要生物学作用。结合 BLPs 中枢作用的研究，揭示 BLPs 及其受体在免疫学和组织发育中调节作用的研究为我们理解 BLPs 及其受体的生物学提供了新的见解。
