From Pulmonary Surfactant, Synthetic KL4 Peptide as Effective siRNA Delivery Vector for Pulmonary Delivery.

Pulmonary delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has huge potential for the treatment of a wide range of respiratory diseases. The ability of naked siRNA to transfect cells in the lungs without a delivery vector has prompted the investigation of whether an endogenous component is at least partially responsible for the cellular uptake of siRNA, and whether a safe and efficient delivery system could be developed from this component to further improve the transfection efficiency. Surfactant protein B (SP-B), a positively charged protein molecule found in lung surfactant, is one of the possible candidates. While the role of SP-B in siRNA transfection remains to be determined, the SP-B mimic, synthetic KL4 peptide, was investigated in this study as a potential siRNA carrier. KL4 is a 21-residue cationic peptide that was able to bind to siRNA to form nanosized complexes. It mediated siRNA transfection effectively in vitro on human lung epithelial cells, A549 cells, and BEAS-2B cells, which was comparable to Lipofectamine 2000. When commercial pulmonary surfactant (Infasurf) was added in the transfection medium, the gene silencing effect of siRNA in cells transfected with Lipofectamine 2000 was completely abolished, whereas those transfected with KL4 remained unaffected. At 4 °C, KL4 failed to deliver siRNA into the cells, indicating that an energy-dependent process was involved in the uptake of the complexes. Chlorpromazine (inhibitor of chathrin-mediated endocytosis), but not nystatin (inhibitor of caveolae-mediated endocytosis), inhibited the uptake of KL4/siRNA complexes, suggesting that they entered cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. There was no sign of cytotoxicity or immune response caused by KL4 and KL4/siRNA complexes. Overall, this study demonstrated that synthetic KL4 peptide is a promising candidate for siRNA carrier for pulmonary delivery and could be a potential platform for delivering other types of nucleic acid therapeutics.