Ohlson L
Department of Radiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Am J Physiol. 1989 Jan;256(1 Pt 2):R29-34. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.1989.256.1.R29.
To study in the human the conditions for the flow regimes inherent in urinary systems with a dependence of the contraction interval on urine flow rate (boluses-in-contact, leaky-bolus, and open-tube flow regimes), 50 urinary systems were examined at low and high flow rates. Morphometry and volumetry were applied to eight urinary systems. The bolus frequently contacted the preceding contraction ring but the mechanisms differed categorically from that conventionally postulated. Thus the contraction interval proved independent of flow rate, leading to boluses in contact not only at high but also at low flow rates, which is impossible in flow-dependent urinary systems. Likewise, contact proved possible with small as well as large boluses. Furthermore, the contact was invariably interrupted at the points of resistance to flow, the total contact period being only 4% of the ureteral transit. Leaky-bolus flow and open-tube flow were absent. The flow regimes as conventionally defined thus proved to be absent from and inconsistent with normal human urinary transport.
为了在人体中研究泌尿系统固有的不同流动状态的条件，这些状态取决于收缩间隔与尿流率的关系（团块接触、漏团块和开放管流动状态），在低流速和高流速下对50个泌尿系统进行了检查。对8个泌尿系统进行了形态测量和容积测量。团块经常与先前的收缩环接触，但机制与传统假设完全不同。因此，收缩间隔被证明与流速无关，导致不仅在高流速而且在低流速下都会出现团块接触，这在依赖流速的泌尿系统中是不可能的。同样，无论是小团块还是大团块都可能发生接触。此外，在流动阻力点接触总是会中断，总接触时间仅占输尿管传输时间的4%。漏团块流和开放管流不存在。因此，传统定义的流动状态在正常人体尿液输送中并不存在且与之不符。
