Lesouëf P N, Geelhoed G C, Turner D J, Morgan S E, Landau L I
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia.
Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Jan;139(1):62-6. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/139.1.62.
The age at which nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is first seen in humans is unknown, though both genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in its development. The current study aimed to establish whether BHR to histamine can be demonstrated in normal infants. Twelve infants, mean age of 7.8 months (range, 3 to 18 months), were studied. None had any history of a previous significant respiratory illness. Respiratory function was monitored using the maximal flow at function residual capacity (VmaxFRC) obtained with the forced expiratory flow-volume technique. Histamine was inhaled in doubling concentrations from 0.125 to 8 g.L-1. A greater than 30% fall in VmaxFRC was considered a response. All infants responded to histamine, the geometric mean concentration for their response being 1.4 g.L-1. Associated transient changes for the group were an increase in respiratory rate (p less than 0.02) and a fall in SaO2 (p less than 0.001). Forced expiratory flow-volume curves were concave in all infants after the last dose of histamine. We speculate that humans are born with "bronchial hyperresponsiveness" and that genetic or environmental factors determine which infants lose it thereafter.
非特异性支气管高反应性（BHR）在人类中首次出现的年龄尚不清楚，尽管遗传和环境因素都与其发展有关。本研究旨在确定正常婴儿是否能表现出对组胺的BHR。研究了12名婴儿，平均年龄7.8个月（范围3至18个月）。这些婴儿均无既往严重呼吸道疾病史。使用用力呼气流量-容积技术获得的功能残气量时的最大流量（VmaxFRC）监测呼吸功能。以0.125至8 g.L-1的浓度成倍增加吸入组胺。VmaxFRC下降超过30%被视为有反应。所有婴儿对组胺均有反应，其反应的几何平均浓度为1.4 g.L-1。该组相关的短暂变化为呼吸频率增加（p<0.02）和血氧饱和度（SaO2）下降（p<0.001）。在最后一剂组胺后，所有婴儿的用力呼气流量-容积曲线均呈凹形。我们推测人类生来就具有“支气管高反应性”，而遗传或环境因素决定了哪些婴儿此后会失去这种特性。
