Bárbara Andreia, Torrontegi Olalla, Camacho Maria-Cruz, Barral Marta, Hernández Jose-Manuel, Höfle Ursula
SaBio Working Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain.
NEIKER-Tecnalia, Derio, Spain.
Front Vet Sci. 2017 Oct 23;4:178. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00178. eCollection 2017.
Aquatic wild birds have been intensively studied to better understand their role in avian influenza virus (AIV) maintenance and spread. To date, AIV surveillance has primarily focused on natural aquatic environments where different bird species aggregate and viral survival is enhanced. However, artificial habitats such as landfills are attracting substantial numbers of wild birds, AIV reservoir species included. The use of landfills as a predictable food source has significantly influenced population size, migratory traits, and feeding behavior of white storks () and black-headed gulls () among others. Considering the proximity of landfills to urban settlements and frequently poultry-farms, targeted monitoring of AIV in bird species that forage at landfills but are known to also frequent urban and agricultural habitats could be a useful means for monitoring of AIV, especially during periods of bird aggregation. During the wintering season 2014-2015, the prevalence of AIV in five avian species at two landfills in South-Central Spain was explored by rRT-PCR and species related temporal variation in AIV prevalence determined. We collected and tested 1,186 fresh fecal samples from white storks ( = 689), cattle egrets ( = 116) and mixed flocks of gulls ( = 381) as well as cloacal and oral swabs from five birds found dead. Seven samples contained AIV, five from gulls and one each from a stork and a cattle egret. Overall, AIV prevalence was 0.60%. No significant temporal variation was observed in AIV prevalence. Prevalence differed significantly among the sampled taxonomic groups, being highest in gulls (1.31%). H16N3 subtype was detected from a cattle egret and H11N9 subtype from a white stork, whereas gulls harbored both subtypes in addition to H11N3 subtype. H16 subtype detection in a cattle egret evidences its host range may not be restricted to gulls. Our results indicate that wild birds foraging at landfills may carry different LPAIV subtypes.
为了更好地了解水生野生鸟类在禽流感病毒（AIV）维持和传播中的作用，人们对其进行了深入研究。迄今为止，AIV监测主要集中在不同鸟类聚集且病毒存活率提高的自然水生环境中。然而，诸如垃圾填埋场等人工栖息地正吸引着大量野生鸟类，其中包括AIV宿主物种。将垃圾填埋场用作可预测的食物来源，已显著影响了白鹳（）和黑头鸥（）等鸟类的种群规模、迁徙特性及取食行为。鉴于垃圾填埋场靠近城市居民区和家禽养殖场，对在垃圾填埋场觅食但也常出没于城市和农业栖息地的鸟类物种进行AIV靶向监测，可能是监测AIV的一种有效手段，尤其是在鸟类聚集期间。在2014 - 2015年越冬季节，通过逆转录实时荧光定量PCR（rRT-PCR）探究了西班牙中南部两个垃圾填埋场中五种鸟类的AIV流行情况，并确定了AIV流行率随物种的时间变化情况。我们收集并检测了1186份新鲜粪便样本，其中来自白鹳（n = 689）、牛背鹭（n = 116）和鸥类混合鸟群（n = 381），以及从五只死亡鸟类采集的泄殖腔和口腔拭子。七个样本检测出AIV，五个来自鸥类，一个来自鹳，一个来自牛背鹭。总体而言，AIV流行率为0.60%。未观察到AIV流行率有显著的时间变化。在抽样的分类群中，流行率差异显著，鸥类中最高（1.31%）。从一只牛背鹭中检测到H16N3亚型，从一只白鹳中检测到H11N9亚型，而鸥类除了H11N3亚型外还携带这两种亚型。在一只牛背鹭中检测到H16亚型，证明其宿主范围可能不限于鸥类。我们的结果表明，在垃圾填埋场觅食的野生鸟类可能携带不同的低致病性禽流感病毒（LPAIV）亚型。
