Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 - 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Feb;148:520-527. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.063. Epub 2017 Nov 7.
The Sarno River is considered the most polluted river in Europe and one of the ten most polluted rivers in the world. So far, its quality has been usually evaluated by water and sediment analyses of either inorganic or organic pollutants. However, a biomonitoring approach would be of paramount importance in the evaluation of river quality, since it integrates pollutant temporal fluctuations, as in the case of discontinuous inputs from urban, industrial and agricultural activities. To this end, a passive biomonitoring study of the Sarno River was carried out, using two native aquatic plants accumulators of inorganic pollutants. The spring area was monitored analysing the roots of the semi-submerged Apium nodiflorum, whereas the whole river course was monitored analysing the shoots of the submerged Potamogeton pectinatus. The information on the four macronutrient (Ca, K, Mg, P), the six micronutrient (Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, Ni, Zn) and the four toxic element (Cd, Cr, Pb, V) concentrations were separately combined in the Nemerow Pollution Index. Results evidenced a severe pollution degree of the Sarno River, attributable to toxic elements > micronutrients > macronutrients. In particular, the spring area showed high K concentrations, as well as high concentrations of several micronutrients and toxic elements. A generalized Zn contamination and a progressive macronutrient (above all Ca and P), micronutrient (above all Ni, Cu and Fe) and toxic element (above all Cr and Pb) accumulation toward the mouth was related to pollution from agricultural and urban activities. Industrial sources, especially tanneries along the Solofrana tributary, accounted for high Mn concentrations, whereas the volcanic origin of the substrate accounted for a generalized V contamination.
萨诺河被认为是欧洲污染最严重的河流，也是世界十大污染最严重的河流之一。到目前为止，其水质通常是通过对无机或有机污染物的水和沉积物分析来评估的。然而，生物监测方法对于河流质量的评估至关重要，因为它综合了污染物的时间波动，例如来自城市、工业和农业活动的不连续输入。为此，对萨诺河进行了被动生物监测研究，使用了两种积累无机污染物的本地水生植物。在监测泉水区域时，分析了半淹没的 Apium nodiflorum 的根部，而在监测整个河道时，分析了水下 Potamogeton pectinatus 的茎部。关于四种常量营养素（Ca、K、Mg、P）、六种微量元素（Cu、Fe、Mn、Na、Ni、Zn）和四种有毒元素（Cd、Cr、Pb、V）的信息分别结合到内梅罗污染指数中。结果表明，萨诺河的污染程度非常严重，原因是有毒元素>微量元素>常量营养素。特别是泉水区域显示出高 K 浓度，以及几种微量元素和有毒元素的高浓度。普遍的 Zn 污染以及逐渐积累的常量营养素（尤其是 Ca 和 P）、微量元素（尤其是 Ni、Cu 和 Fe）和有毒元素（尤其是 Cr 和 Pb）朝着河口方向，与农业和城市活动的污染有关。工业源，特别是沿 Solofrana 支流的制革厂，导致 Mn 浓度升高，而基质的火山起源导致 V 普遍污染。
