Department of Cardiology, University of Oslo Hospital, Ullevaal, N-0407 Oslo, Norway.
Pharmacol Res. 2018 Mar;129:95-99. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.003. Epub 2017 Nov 7.
Hypertension is the strongest or one of the strongest risk factors for almost all different cardiovascular diseases acquired during life, including coronary disease, left ventricular hypertrophy and valvular heart diseases, cardiac arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation, cerebral stroke and renal failure. The continuous relationship between blood pressure and cardiovascular and renal events makes the distinction between high normal blood pressure and hypertension based on arbitrary cut-off values for blood pressures. Overall the prevalence of hypertension in different European countries appears to be around 30-45% of the general population, with a steep increase with ageing. The prevention of cardiovascular disease and treatment recommendations should be related to quantification of total cardiovascular risk which could be estimated from several different models. However the impact of age on risk is so strong that young adults (particularly women) are unlikely to reach high-risk levels even when they have more than one major risk factor and a clear increase in relative risk. Therefore age-adjusted models, models assessing relative risks compared to others of same age and models including thorough assessments of target organ damage and ambulatory 24h blood pressure are needed together with national models because of the large variations between countries.
高血压是几乎所有获得性心血管疾病（包括冠心病、左心室肥厚和瓣膜性心脏病、心律失常包括心房颤动、脑卒中和肾衰竭）的最强或最强危险因素之一。血压与心血管和肾脏事件之间的持续关系使得基于血压任意截断值区分正常高值血压和高血压变得不合理。总体而言，不同欧洲国家的高血压患病率似乎在一般人群的 30-45%左右，随着年龄的增长呈陡峭上升趋势。心血管疾病的预防和治疗建议应与总心血管风险的量化相关，总心血管风险可通过几种不同的模型来估计。然而，年龄对风险的影响如此之大，以至于年轻成年人（尤其是女性）即使有一个以上的主要危险因素并且相对风险明显增加，也不太可能达到高危水平。因此，需要结合国家模型，使用年龄调整模型、与同龄人群相比的相对风险评估模型以及包括目标器官损伤和 24 小时动态血压全面评估的模型，因为各国之间存在很大差异。
