Rokszin Adrienn Aranka, Győri-Dani Dóra, Bácsi János, Nyúl László G, Csifcsák Gábor
Doctoral School of Education, Faculty of Arts, University of Szeged, Petőfi Sándor sgt. 30-34, 6722 Szeged, Hungary.
Department of Applied Pedagogy and Psychology, Institute of Kindergarten and Lower-Primary Education, Juhász Gyula Faculty of Education, University of Szeged, Hattyas sor 10, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2018 Feb;166:664-678. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2017.10.004. Epub 2017 Nov 9.
Several studies have shown that behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of processing visual images containing low or high spatial frequency (LSF or HSF) information undergo development after early childhood. However, the maturation of spatial frequency sensitivity during school age has been investigated using abstract stimuli only. The aim of the current study was to assess how LSF and HSF features affect the processing of everyday photographs at the behavioral and electrophysiological levels in children aged 7-15 years and adults. We presented grayscale images containing either animals or vehicles and their luminance-matched modified versions filtered at low or high spatial frequencies. Modulations of classification accuracy, reaction time, and visual event-related potentials (posterior P1 and N1 components) were compared across five developmental groups and three image types. We found disproportionately worse response accuracies for LSF stimuli relative to HSF images in children aged 7 or 8 years, an effect that was accompanied by smaller LSF-evoked P1 amplitudes during this age period. At 7 or 8 years of age, P1 and N1 amplitudes were modulated by HSF and LSF stimuli (P1: HSF > LSF; N1: LSF > HSF), with a gradual shift toward the opposite pattern (P1: LSF > HSF; N1: HSF > LSF) with increasing age. Our results indicate that early cortical processing of both spatial frequency ranges undergo substantial development during school age, with a relative delay of LSF analysis, and underline the utility of our paradigm in tracking the maturation of LSF versus HSF sensitivity in this age group.
多项研究表明，处理包含低空间频率或高空间频率（LSF或HSF）信息的视觉图像时，行为和电生理方面的关联在幼儿期之后仍会继续发展。然而，仅使用抽象刺激对学龄期空间频率敏感性的成熟情况进行了研究。本研究的目的是评估在行为和电生理水平上，低空间频率和高空间频率特征如何影响7至15岁儿童及成年人对日常照片的处理。我们呈现了包含动物或车辆的灰度图像及其在低空间频率或高空间频率下进行亮度匹配的修改版本。比较了五个发育组和三种图像类型在分类准确率、反应时间和视觉事件相关电位（后部P1和N1成分）方面的调制情况。我们发现，相对于高空间频率图像，7或8岁儿童对低空间频率刺激的反应准确率明显更低，在这个年龄段，这种效应伴随着低空间频率诱发的P1波幅较小。在7或8岁时，P1和N1波幅受高空间频率和低空间频率刺激的调制（P1：高空间频率＞低空间频率；N1：低空间频率＞高空间频率），随着年龄增长逐渐转向相反模式（P1：低空间频率＞高空间频率；N1：高空间频率＞低空间频率）。我们的结果表明，在学龄期，两个空间频率范围的早期皮层处理都经历了显著发展，低空间频率分析相对滞后，并强调了我们的范式在追踪该年龄组低空间频率与高空间频率敏感性成熟情况方面的实用性。
