International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, Centennial, CO, United States.
Nebraska Food for Health Center and Department of Food Science and Technology, Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, United States.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2018 Feb;49:207-216. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.09.007. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
Strain-specificity of probiotic effects has been a cornerstone principle of probiotic science for decades. Certainly, some important mechanisms are present in only a few probiotic strains. But scientific advances now reveal commonalities among members of certain taxonomic groups of probiotic microbes. Some clinical benefits likely derive from these shared mechanisms, suggesting that sub-species-specific, species-specific or genus-specific probiotic effects exist. Human trials are necessary to confirm specific health benefits. However, a strain that has not been tested in human efficacy trials may meet the minimum definition of the term 'probiotic' if it is a member of a well-studied probiotic species expressing underlying core mechanisms and it is delivered at an effective dose.
几十年来，益生菌功效的菌株特异性一直是益生菌科学的基石原则。当然，一些重要的机制只存在于少数几种益生菌菌株中。但科学的进步现在揭示了某些益生菌微生物分类群成员之间的共性。一些临床益处可能源于这些共同的机制，这表明亚种特异性、种特异性或属特异性益生菌作用确实存在。需要进行人体试验来确认特定的健康益处。然而，如果一种菌株属于经过充分研究的益生菌物种，表达潜在的核心机制，并且以有效剂量给药，即使它尚未在人体功效试验中进行测试，也可能符合“益生菌”一词的最低定义。
