Maia-Carneiro Thiago, Motta-Tavares Tatiana, Ávila Robson Waldemar, Rocha Carlos F D
Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Brazil.
Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Coronel Antônio Luiz 1161, Crato, Ceará, 63100-000, Brazil.
Parasitol Res. 2018 Jan;117(1):89-96. doi: 10.1007/s00436-017-5672-y. Epub 2017 Nov 11.
We analyzed parameters of parasitism by helminths in a pair of sympatric congeneric lizard species (Tropidurus hispidus and Tropidurus semitaeniatus). Differences in their supracommunities (richness, composition, and abundance) and the influence of helminthic loads on minimum flight initiation distances and body temperatures were evaluated. We reported new findings of Piratuba digiticauda infecting T. hispidus and Oochoristica bresslaui infecting T. semitaeniatus. Parapharyngodon alvarengai was the most abundant helminth in both host species. Tropidurus hispidus individuals hosted a higher abundance and richness of helminths than T. semitaeniatus, with females of the former having larger helminthic loads than males. Dissimilarities between host species may be attributed to differences in their utilization of niche dimensions (time, food, and structural and thermal space), the occurrence of morphological differences that result in differential exposure to the sources and agents of infection, and/or differential immunological functions. Our data suggests that infection by P. alvarengai led to some limitations in locomotor performance of T. hispidus resulting in decreased minimum flight initiation distance as infection rates increased. Individuals opted for a prolonged period of immobility to avoid capture. There was a negative relationship between helminthic loads and body temperatures in T. semitaeniatus, possibly due to decreased activity and thermoregulation rates, and increased use of shelters by lizards with high infection levels to avoid predation.
我们分析了同域分布的一对同属蜥蜴物种（硬鳞角蜥和半带角蜥）体内蠕虫的寄生参数。评估了它们的寄生虫群落（丰富度、组成和丰度）差异以及蠕虫负荷对最小飞行起始距离和体温的影响。我们报告了感染硬鳞角蜥的指状皮拉虫和感染半带角蜥的布氏奥科线虫的新发现。阿尔瓦伦加副咽线虫是这两种宿主物种中最丰富的蠕虫。硬鳞角蜥个体体内的蠕虫丰度和丰富度高于半带角蜥，前者的雌性蠕虫负荷比雄性更大。宿主物种之间的差异可能归因于它们在生态位维度（时间、食物以及结构和热空间）利用上的差异、导致对感染源和感染媒介暴露不同的形态差异的出现，和/或不同的免疫功能。我们的数据表明，随着感染率的增加，阿尔瓦伦加副咽线虫的感染导致硬鳞角蜥的运动性能受到一些限制，从而使最小飞行起始距离减小。个体选择长时间静止不动以避免被捕。在半带角蜥中，蠕虫负荷与体温呈负相关，这可能是由于活动和体温调节速率降低，以及感染程度高的蜥蜴更多地利用庇护所来避免被捕食。
