Girasek Edmond, Szócska Miklós, Kovács Eszter, Gaál Péter
Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Kútvölgyi út 2, Budapest, 1125, Hungary.
BMC Med Educ. 2017 Nov 13;17(1):204. doi: 10.1186/s12909-017-1031-z.
Hungary has been serious facing human resources crisis in health care, as a result of a massive emigration of health workers. The resulting shortage is unevenly distributed among medical specialisations. The findings of research studies are consistent in that the most important motivating factor of the choice of the medical career and of medical specialisations is professional interest. Beyond this, it is important to examine other reasons of why students do or do not choose certain specialisations. The lifestyle determined by the chosen speciality is one such factor described in the literature.
Using convenient sampling, first year resident medical doctors from each of the four Hungarian universities with a medical faculty were asked to participate in the study in 2008. In total 391 first year resident medical doctors completed the self-administered questionnaire indicating a 57.3% response rate. On the basis of the work of Schwartz et al. (Acad Med 65(3):207-210, 1990), the specialisation fields were divided into the two main categories of non-controllable (NCL) or controllable lifestyles (CL). We carried out a factor analysis on motivating factors and set up an explanatory model regarding the choice of CL and NCL specialisations.
Two maximum likelihood factors were extracted from the motivational questions: "lifestyle and income" and "professional interest and consciousness". The explanatory model on specialisation choice shows that the "professional interest and consciousness" factor increases the likelihood of choosing NCL specialisations. In contrast the "lifestyle and income" factor has no significant impact on the choice of CL/NCL specialisations in the model.
Our results confirm the important role of professional interest in the choice of medical specializations in Hungary. On the other hand, it seems surprising that we found no significant difference in the "lifestyle and income" related motivation among those medical residents, who opted for CL as opposed to those, who opted for NCL specialisations. This does not necessarily mean that lifestyle is not an important motivating factor, but that it is equally important for both groups of medical residents.
由于医护人员大量外流，匈牙利一直严重面临医疗保健领域的人力资源危机。由此产生的短缺在医学专业之间分布不均。研究结果一致表明，选择医学职业和医学专业的最重要激励因素是职业兴趣。除此之外，研究学生选择或不选择某些专业的其他原因也很重要。所选专业所决定的生活方式就是文献中描述的这样一个因素。
采用便利抽样法，2008年邀请匈牙利四所设有医学院的大学的一年级住院医生参与研究。共有391名一年级住院医生完成了自填式问卷，回复率为57.3%。根据施瓦茨等人的研究成果（《学术医学》65(3):207 - 210, 1990），专业领域被分为不可控生活方式（NCL）或可控生活方式（CL）两大类。我们对激励因素进行了因子分析，并建立了一个关于选择CL和NCL专业的解释模型。
从动机问题中提取出两个最大似然因子：“生活方式和收入”以及“职业兴趣和意识”。专业选择的解释模型表明，“职业兴趣和意识”因子增加了选择NCL专业的可能性。相比之下，“生活方式和收入”因子在该模型中对CL/NCL专业的选择没有显著影响。
我们的结果证实了职业兴趣在匈牙利医学专业选择中的重要作用。另一方面，令人惊讶的是，我们发现选择CL专业的住院医生与选择NCL专业的住院医生在与“生活方式和收入”相关的动机方面没有显著差异。这不一定意味着生活方式不是一个重要的激励因素，而是意味着它对两组住院医生同样重要。
