Detailed anatomy of penile neurovascular structures: surgical significance.

In 10 formalin-preserved adult male cadavers, dissection of the penile veins, arteries and nerves revealed information of clinical importance. The main venous drainage of the corpora cavernosa is via the cavernous veins, with additional drainage through the circumflex, deep dorsal, and crural veins. The arterial supply of the cavernous bodies varied remarkably, and the incidence of an accessory internal pudendal artery was high. The cavernous nerves, previously believed to be microscopic structures, were in fact identifiable grossly, and we were able to follow them from the region of the hilum of the penis to the prostate. The nature of these nerves was then confirmed by serial histologic sectioning. This detailed knowledge of the venous drainage and arterial and nervous supply of the penis, as well as of the relationships among the cavernous structures in the hilum of the penis, can elucidate the cause of erectile dysfunction and provide a valuable guide for surgical correction of vasculogenic and neurogenic impotence.