Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, CHUL, 2705 Boul. Laurier, P0-9800, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
Département de psychiatrie et de neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
Acta Neuropathol. 2018 Feb;135(2):249-265. doi: 10.1007/s00401-017-1786-7. Epub 2017 Nov 13.
Accumulating evidence highlights the potential role of mixed proteinopathies (i.e., abnormal protein aggregation) in the development of clinical manifestations of neurodegenerative diseases (NDD). Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited NDD caused by autosomal-dominant expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat mutation in the gene coding for Huntingtin (Htt). Previous studies have suggested the coexistence of phosphorylated-Tau, α-synuclein (α-Syn) and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) inclusions in HD. However, definite evidence that HD pathology in humans can be accompanied by other proteinopathies is still lacking. Using human post-mortem putamen samples from 31 controls and 56 HD individuals, we performed biochemical analyses of the expression, oligomerization and aggregation of Tau, α-Syn, TDP-43, and Amyloid precursor protein (APP)/Aβ. In HD brain, we observed reduced soluble protein (but not mRNA) levels of Htt, α-Syn, and Tau. Our results also support abnormal phosphorylation of Tau in more advanced stages of disease. Aberrant splicing of Tau exons 2, 3 (exclusion) and 10 (inclusion) was also detected in HD patients, leading to higher 0N4R and lower 1N3R isoforms. Finally, following formic acid extraction, we observed increased aggregation of TDP-43, α-Syn, and phosphorylated-Tau during HD progression. Notably, we observed that 88% of HD patients with Vonsattel grade 4 neuropathology displayed at least one non-Htt proteinopathy compared to 29% in controls. Interestingly, α-Syn aggregation correlated with Htt, TDP-43 and phosphorylated-Tau in HD but not in controls. The impact of this work is twofold: (1) it provides compelling evidences that Tau, α-Syn and TDP-43 proteinopathies are increased in HD, and (2) it suggests the involvement of common mechanisms leading to abnormal accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins in NDD. Further studies will be needed to decipher the impact of these proteinopathies on clinical manifestation of HD.
越来越多的证据表明,混合蛋白病(即异常蛋白聚集)可能在神经退行性疾病(NDD)临床表现的发展中起作用。亨廷顿病(HD)是一种遗传性 NDD,由编码亨廷顿蛋白(Htt)的基因中 CAG 三核苷酸重复扩展突变引起。先前的研究表明,在 HD 中存在磷酸化 Tau、α-突触核蛋白(α-Syn)和 TAR DNA 结合蛋白 43(TDP-43)包涵体。然而,仍然缺乏明确的证据表明人类 HD 病理学可以伴有其他蛋白病。使用来自 31 名对照和 56 名 HD 个体的死后纹状体样本,我们对 Tau、α-Syn、TDP-43 和淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)/Aβ的表达、寡聚化和聚集进行了生化分析。在 HD 大脑中,我们观察到 Htt、α-Syn 和 Tau 的可溶性蛋白(而非 mRNA)水平降低。我们的结果还支持在疾病的更晚期 Tau 异常磷酸化。还在 HD 患者中检测到 Tau 外显子 2、3(排除)和 10(包含)的异常剪接,导致更高的 0N4R 和更低的 1N3R 同工型。最后,在用甲酸提取后,我们观察到在 HD 进展过程中 TDP-43、α-Syn 和磷酸化 Tau 的聚集增加。值得注意的是,与对照组的 29%相比,我们观察到 88%的具有 Vonsattel 分级 4 神经病理学的 HD 患者至少有一种非 Htt 蛋白病。有趣的是,α-Syn 聚集与 HD 中的 Htt、TDP-43 和磷酸化 Tau 相关,但在对照组中不相关。这项工作的影响有两个方面:(1)它提供了令人信服的证据,表明 Tau、α-Syn 和 TDP-43 蛋白病在 HD 中增加,(2)它表明了导致 NDD 中聚集倾向蛋白异常积累的共同机制的参与。需要进一步的研究来阐明这些蛋白病对 HD 临床表现的影响。
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