Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Department of Ecology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Insect Sci. 2019 Jun;26(3):587-597. doi: 10.1111/1744-7917.12559. Epub 2018 Jan 11.
Highly diversified colorations among springtails (Collembola) have been widely used for species diagnosis, but their phylogenetic significance is poorly known. We addressed this issue in the largest Entomobryinae genus Entomobrya, which possesses variable color patterns among species. The relationships within the genus and to other genera have also rarely been studied. Based on material mainly from China, we have conducted a multilocus phylogeny and topology tests with likelihood and Bayesian algorithms, and accordingly demonstrated the non-monophyly of Chinese Entomobrya. The division of five clades, including Entomobrya and several related genera, coincided well with five types of colorations, respectively. Further analyses of divergence time and historical biogeography revealed that Chinese Entomobrya originated mainly from Palearctic (northern and western) China in the Paleocene and Eocene. This study highlights the great phylogenetic values as well as taxonomic uses of coloration in Chinese Entomobrya. Multiple phylogenetic and biogeographic origins of Entomobrya imply its complicated relationships with both scaled and unscaled genera of Entomobryinae.
跳虫（Collembola）的高度多样化的颜色已被广泛用于物种诊断，但它们的系统发育意义知之甚少。我们在拥有物种间可变颜色模式的最大的 Entomobryinae 属 Entomobrya 中解决了这个问题。属内和其他属之间的关系也很少被研究。基于主要来自中国的材料，我们进行了多基因座系统发育和拓扑测试，使用似然和贝叶斯算法，并相应地证明了中国 Entomobrya 的非单系性。五个分支的划分，包括 Entomobrya 和几个相关的属，分别与五种颜色类型很好地吻合。进一步的分化时间和历史生物地理学分析表明，中国的 Entomobrya 主要起源于古近纪（古近纪）的古北区（北部和西部）。这项研究突出了中国 Entomobrya 的颜色在系统发育和分类学上的巨大价值。 Entomobrya 的多种系统发育和生物地理学起源暗示了它与 Entomobryinae 的有鳞和无鳞属之间复杂的关系。
