多巴胺能基因变异与自愿外部起搏运动行为。
Dopaminergic Genetic Variants and Voluntary Externally Paced Exercise Behavior.
机构信息
Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, THE NETHERLANDS.
出版信息
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018 Apr;50(4):700-708. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001479.
PURPOSE
Most candidate gene studies on the neurobiology of voluntary exercise behavior have focused on the dopaminergic signaling pathway and its role in the mesolimbic reward system. We hypothesized that dopaminergic candidate genes may influence exercise behavior through additional effects on executive functioning and that these effects are only detected when the types of exercise activity are taken into account.
METHODS
Data on voluntary exercise behavior and at least one single-nucleotide polymorphism/variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) were available for 12,929 participants of the Netherlands Twin Registry. Exercise activity was classified as externally paced if a high level of executive function skill was required. The total volume of voluntary exercise (minutes per week) as well as the volume specifically spent on externally paced activities were tested for association with nine functional dopaminergic polymorphisms (DRD1: rs265981, DRD2/ANKK1: rs1800497, DRD3: rs6280, DRD4: VNTR 48 bp, DRD5: VNTR 130-166 bp, DBH: rs2519152, DAT1: VNTR 40 bp, COMT: rs4680, MAOA: VNTR 30 bp), a polygenic score (PGS) based on nine alleles leading to lower dopamine responsiveness, and a PGS based on three alleles associated with both higher reward sensitivity and better executive functioning (DRD2/ANKK1: "G" allele, COMT: Met allele, DAT1: 440-bp allele).
RESULTS
No association with total exercise volume or externally paced exercise volume was found for individual alleles or the nine-allele PGS. The volume of externally paced exercise behavior was significantly associated with the reward and executive function congruent PGS. This association was driven by the DAT1 440-bp and COMT Met allele, which acted as increaser alleles for externally paced exercise behavior.
CONCLUSIONS
Taking into account the types of exercise activity may increase the success of identifying genetic variants and unraveling the neurobiology of voluntary exercise behavior.
目的
大多数关于自愿运动行为神经生物学的候选基因研究都集中在多巴胺能信号通路及其在中脑边缘奖励系统中的作用。我们假设，多巴胺能候选基因可能通过对执行功能的额外影响来影响运动行为，并且只有当考虑到运动活动的类型时，这些影响才会被检测到。
方法
荷兰双胞胎登记处的 12929 名参与者提供了关于自愿运动行为和至少一个单核苷酸多态性/可变数串联重复（VNTR）的数据。如果需要高水平的执行功能技能，则将运动活动归类为外部节奏。测试了与九个功能性多巴胺能多态性（DRD1：rs265981、DRD2/ANKK1：rs1800497、DRD3：rs6280、DRD4：VNTR 48 bp、DRD5：VNTR 130-166 bp、DBH：rs2519152、DAT1：VNTR 40 bp、COMT：rs4680、MAOA：VNTR 30 bp）、基于导致多巴胺反应性降低的九个等位基因的多基因评分（PGS）以及与更高的奖励敏感性和更好的执行功能相关的三个等位基因（DRD2/ANKK1：“G”等位基因、COMT：Met 等位基因、DAT1：440-bp 等位基因）的 PGS，与总运动量或外部节奏运动量相关。
结果
个体等位基因或九个等位基因 PGS 与总运动量或外部节奏运动量均无关联。外部节奏运动行为的量与奖励和执行功能一致的 PGS 显著相关。这种关联是由 DAT1 440-bp 和 COMT Met 等位基因驱动的，它们是外部节奏运动行为的增量等位基因。
结论
考虑到运动活动的类型，可以提高识别遗传变异和揭示自愿运动行为神经生物学的成功率。
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