Chrastný Vladislav, Šillerová Hana, Vítková Martina, Francová Anna, Jehlička Jan, Kocourková Jana, Aspholm Paul E, Nilsson Lars O, Berglen Tore F, Jensen Henning K B, Komárek Michael
Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic.
Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic.
Chemosphere. 2018 Feb;193:230-236. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.031. Epub 2017 Nov 8.
After the phasing out of leaded gasoline, Pb emissions to the atmosphere dramatically decreased, and other sources became more significant. The contribution of unleaded gasoline has not been sufficiently recognized; therefore, we evaluated the impact of Pb from unleaded gasoline in a relatively pristine area in Subarctic NE Norway. The influence of different endmembers (Ni slag and concentrate from the Nikel smelter in Russia, PM filters, and traffic) on the overall Pb emissions was determined using various environmental samples (snow, lichens, and topsoils) and Pb isotope tracing. We found a strong relationship between Pb in snow and the Ni smelter. However, lichen samples and most of the topsoils were contaminated by Pb originating from the current use of unleaded gasoline originating from Russia. Historical leaded and recent unleaded gasoline are fully distinguishable using Pb isotopes, as unleaded gasoline is characterized by a low radiogenic composition (Pb/Pb = 1.098 and Pb/Pb = 2.060) and remains an unneglectable source of Pb in the region.
含铅汽油逐步淘汰后，大气中的铅排放量大幅下降，其他来源变得更为显著。无铅汽油的贡献尚未得到充分认识；因此，我们评估了挪威东北部亚北极相对原始地区无铅汽油中铅的影响。利用各种环境样本（雪、地衣和表层土壤）和铅同位素示踪法，确定了不同端元（俄罗斯镍冶炼厂的镍渣和精矿、颗粒物过滤器和交通）对总体铅排放的影响。我们发现雪中的铅与镍冶炼厂之间存在很强的关系。然而，地衣样本和大部分表层土壤受到了源自俄罗斯目前使用的无铅汽油中的铅的污染。使用铅同位素可以完全区分历史含铅汽油和近期无铅汽油，因为无铅汽油的特征是低放射性组成（(^{206}Pb/^{207}Pb = 1.098)和(^{208}Pb/^{206}Pb = 2.060)），并且仍然是该地区不可忽视的铅源。
