Young Rachel, Foster T Mary, Bizo Lewis A
University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2017 Nov;108(3):414-432. doi: 10.1002/jeab.290. Epub 2017 Nov 15.
Hens responded under multiple fixed-ratio schedules with equal response requirements and either a 1-s or a 6-s reinforcer. Upcoming reinforcer size was indicated by key color. Components were presented in a quasirandom series so that all four component transitions occurred. Postreinforcement pauses were affected by the upcoming and preceding reinforcer size, with longer pauses after large reinforcers followed by small reinforcers than when followed by large ones, and longer pauses after small reinforcers that were followed by small reinforcers rather than large ones. Pauses increased with fixed-ratio size and the effects of reinforcer size were larger the larger the ratio. When reinforcer size was not signaled-mixed fixed-ratio schedules-pauses were shorter after small than after large reinforcers. Signalling the upcoming reinforcer attenuated the effect of the previous reinforcer size on pause duration when small was followed by small and when either small or large by large, but enhanced the effect when large was followed by small. There was no effect of reinforcer size on pause duration when single fixed-ratio schedules were arranged. The effects of reinforcer size on pauses depends on the size and range of the fixed ratios as well as the exact procedures used in the study.
母鸡在具有相同反应要求且强化物时长为1秒或6秒的多种固定比率强化程序下做出反应。即将到来的强化物大小由按键颜色指示。各成分以准随机序列呈现，以便所有四种成分转换都能出现。强化后停顿受即将到来的和先前的强化物大小影响，大强化物之后跟着小强化物时的停顿时间比跟着大强化物时更长，小强化物之后跟着小强化物而非大强化物时停顿时间更长。停顿随固定比率大小增加，强化物大小的影响在比率越大时越大。当强化物大小未被信号提示——混合固定比率强化程序——小强化物后的停顿比大强化物后的停顿短。当小强化物之后跟着小强化物以及小强化物或大强化物之后跟着大强化物时，提示即将到来的强化物会减弱先前强化物大小对停顿持续时间的影响，但当大强化物之后跟着小强化物时会增强这种影响。当安排单一固定比率强化程序时，强化物大小对停顿持续时间没有影响。强化物大小对停顿的影响取决于固定比率的大小和范围以及研究中使用的具体程序。
