Human Movement Science Curriculum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018 Apr;50(4):684-690. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001492.
Elevated rates of cardiometabolic diseases have been observed in former American football players. The current study sought to determine whether change in body mass index (ΔBMI) after retirement influences the prevalence of CHD, diabetes, or high blood pressure (HBP) in former professional football players.
Retired professional football players (n = 3729) were sent a survey with questions regarding health status, playing history, and demographic information. Self-reported BMI at the time of retirement was subtracted from current self-reported BMI to calculate ΔBMI. Prevalence of CHD, diabetes, and HBP were determined by asking participants if they had ever been diagnosed by a health care professional. Binomial regression with a Poisson residual and robust variance estimation was used to compute crude prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each outcome. Adjusted PR values were calculated by adjusting for BMI at the time of retirement, age, years of football experience, race, exercise habits, alcohol use, steroid history, smoking history, and playing position.
Complete data were available for 2062 respondents. Prevalence of CHD increased 25%-31% for each five-point increase in ΔBMI after retirement (crude PR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.03-1.52, P = 0.026; adjusted PR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.11-1.55, P = 0.001). Diabetes prevalence increased 69%-88% for each five-point ΔBMI increase (crude = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.45-2.44, P < 0.001; adjusted = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.32-2.15, P < 0.001). A five-point increase in ΔBMI was associated with a 35%-40% increase in HBP prevalence (crude = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.27-1.53, P < 0.001; adjusted = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.24-1.47, P < 0.001).
After controlling for relevant covariates, postretirement ΔBMI was positively and independently associated with prevalence of CHD, diabetes, and HBP. Postretirement interventions using diet and/or exercise to influence body composition may improve long-term health in retired football players.
在退役美式橄榄球运动员中，观察到心血管代谢疾病的发病率较高。本研究旨在确定退休后体重指数（BMI）的变化是否会影响职业足球运动员患冠心病（CHD）、糖尿病或高血压（HBP）的患病率。
向 3729 名退役职业橄榄球运动员发送了一份包含健康状况、比赛经历和人口统计学信息的调查问卷。退休时的自我报告 BMI 减去当前的自我报告 BMI，计算出 BMI 的变化（ΔBMI）。通过询问参与者是否曾被医疗保健专业人员诊断出患有 CHD、糖尿病或 HBP，确定 CHD、糖尿病和 HBP 的患病率。使用二项式回归和泊松残差及稳健方差估计来计算每个结果的粗患病率比（PR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。通过调整退休时的 BMI、年龄、足球经验年限、种族、运动习惯、饮酒情况、类固醇使用史、吸烟史和比赛位置，计算调整后的 PR 值。
2062 名受访者提供了完整的数据。退休后 BMI 每增加 5 个点，CHD 的患病率增加 25%-31%（粗 PR = 1.25，95%CI = 1.03-1.52，P = 0.026；调整 PR = 1.31，95%CI = 1.11-1.55，P = 0.001）。糖尿病的患病率每增加 5 个点，增加 69%-88%（粗 = 1.88，95%CI = 1.45-2.44，P < 0.001；调整 = 1.69，95%CI = 1.32-2.15，P < 0.001）。ΔBMI 增加 5 个点与 HBP 患病率增加 35%-40%相关（粗 = 1.40，95%CI = 1.27-1.53，P < 0.001；调整 = 1.35，95%CI = 1.24-1.47，P < 0.001）。
在校正相关协变量后，退休后 BMI 的变化与 CHD、糖尿病和 HBP 的患病率呈正相关且独立相关。通过饮食和/或运动干预来影响身体成分的退休后干预措施可能会改善退役足球运动员的长期健康状况。
