Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2018 Mar;18(3):396-406. doi: 10.1111/ggi.13190. Epub 2017 Nov 15.
The aim of the present study was to identify general psychological factors related to fear of falling.
Data drawn from national probability sampling of the German population aged ≥40 years were used (German Aging Survey; n = 7779). The fear of falling and the psychological factors of loneliness, life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, optimism, self-efficacy, self-esteem, self-regulation and perceived stress were collected in self-administered questionnaires. Multiple logistic regression models controlling for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related variables were used to determine the psychological correlates of fear of falling.
The prevalence of fear of falling was 18% for all individuals. All psychological factors showed strong bivariate associations with fear of falling. In the multiple regression analyses, higher levels of loneliness, lower life satisfaction, lower positive affect and higher negative affect, as well as lower levels of optimism, self-efficacy, self-esteem, self-regulation and more perceived stress, were associated with increased fear of falling after controlling for sociodemographic factors, various lifestyle factors and morbidity.
The psychological factors considered in the present study are important for characterizing people with fear of falling. Because effective interventions to treat the fear of falling are available, our study might help to address this target group more accurately. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 396-406.
本研究旨在确定与跌倒恐惧相关的一般心理因素。
本研究使用了来自德国≥40 岁人群的全国概率抽样数据（德国老龄化研究；n=7779）。使用自我管理问卷收集了跌倒恐惧以及孤独感、生活满意度、积极情绪、消极情绪、乐观、自我效能、自尊、自我调节和感知压力等心理因素。使用多变量逻辑回归模型控制了社会人口统计学、生活方式和与健康相关的变量，以确定与跌倒恐惧相关的心理因素。
所有个体的跌倒恐惧患病率为 18%。所有心理因素与跌倒恐惧均具有强烈的双变量相关性。在多变量回归分析中，在控制了社会人口统计学因素、各种生活方式因素和发病率后，孤独感增加、生活满意度降低、积极情绪降低和消极情绪增加、乐观程度降低、自我效能感降低、自尊降低、自我调节能力降低以及感知压力增加与跌倒恐惧增加相关。
本研究中考虑的心理因素对于描述有跌倒恐惧的人群很重要。由于有针对跌倒恐惧的有效干预措施，因此我们的研究可能有助于更准确地针对这一目标群体。
