Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel.
J Basic Microbiol. 2018 Jan;58(1):30-40. doi: 10.1002/jobm.201700517. Epub 2017 Nov 16.
Composition of thermotolerant mycobiota in the soil of Israeli deserts and northern territories was examined in spatiotemporal dynamics. A total of 165 species from 82 genera were isolated at 37 °C using the soil dilution plate method. Aspergilli (Aspergillus fumigatus and A. niger) and teleomorphic ascomycetes (Canariomyces notabilis, Chaetomium nigricolor, and Ch. strumarium) comprised the basic part of the thermotolerant communities. The desert communities remarkably differed from the northern communities by a much higher abundance of A. fumigatus and teleomorphic species, as well as by a lower abundance of A. niger and Rhizopus arrhyzus. Seasonal dynamics revealed for the southern Negev was expressed mainly in the variations of species richness (substantially lower in the winter), and abundances of A. fumigatus (dominant in the summer) and A. niger (dominant in the winter). The composition of thermotolerant mycobiota was almost entirely different from the composition of mesophilic mycobiota at 25 °C. Melanin-containing fungi with many-celled conidia that dominated mesophilic communities in the deserts did not grow at 37 °C, while prevailing aspergilli accompanied by teleomorphic species with perithecial fruit bodies were apparently able not only to survive but also to germinate at this temperature and be active during a long hot period in the desert.
研究了以色列沙漠和北部地区土壤中耐热真菌区系的时空动态组成。采用土壤稀释平板法，在 37°C 下共分离出 82 属 165 种。曲霉属（烟曲霉和黑曲霉）和有性型子囊菌（Canariomyces notabilis、Chaetomium nigricolor 和 Ch. strumarium）构成了耐热菌群的基本部分。沙漠群落与北部群落显著不同，烟曲霉和有性型物种的丰度明显更高，而黑曲霉和根霉的丰度则明显更低。对南部内盖夫的季节性动态研究表明，主要表现在物种丰富度的变化（冬季明显较低），以及烟曲霉（夏季占优势）和黑曲霉（冬季占优势）的丰度变化。耐热真菌区系的组成与 25°C 时的嗜温真菌区系几乎完全不同。在沙漠中占优势的含有黑色素、多细胞分生孢子的真菌在 37°C 下不能生长，而占优势的曲霉属真菌与具有子囊果的有性型真菌显然不仅能够在这个温度下存活，而且能够在这个温度下萌发并在沙漠的长时间高温期保持活跃。
