Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan.
Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Mar;616-617:554-563. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.033. Epub 2017 Nov 14.
This study investigated accumulation of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), persistent organochlorines (OCs), and naturally produced halogenated compounds (NHCs), including brominated methylbipyrroles and methoxylated bromodiphenyl ethers, in liver, blood, and blubber from Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) and harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Profiles of the PFASs were dominated by perfluoroundecanoic acid and perfluorotridecanoic acid, both of which accounted for 70% of the total measured PFAS concentrations in both porpoise species. The mean concentrations of the ∑PFCA were 573ng/g wet weight (ng/g-wet) in liver, 62ng/g-wet in whole blood, and 28ng/g-wet in blubber from the Dall's porpoises, and were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in the harbor porpoises. The hepatic concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were <14ng/g-wet, and accounted for only 3% of the total measured PFASs. The profiles of PFASs in the porpoises resembled those in fish species in this area, implying a common source of exposure to PFASs in East Asia. On the other hand, in the blubber of Dall's porpoises, NHCs were dominated by 2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-heptachloro-1'-methyl-1,2'-bipyrrole (867ng/g-wet), 5,5'-dichloro-1,1'-dimethyl-3,3',4,4'-tetrabromo-2,2'-bipyrrole (481ng/g-wet), and 6-methoxy-2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (30ng/g-wet), which were present at higher concentrations than in harbor porpoises. Factor analysis with varimax rotation revealed that factor 1 had higher eigenvectors (element in eigenvalues) for long-chain PFCAs and PFOS, which was found in the highest concentrations in the liver, whereas factor 2 was mainly associated with lipid soluble NHCs and OCs in both species. No correlations were observed between long-chain PFCAs and NHCs in the porpoises, probably because of the different sources and accumulation kinetics. Future research should assess the temporal trends and long-term effects of PFASs and NHCs in the tissues of mammals from the Asia-Pacific region.
本研究调查了在日本北海道搁浅的白海豚（Phocoenoides dalli）和港湾海豚（Phocoena phocoena）的肝脏、血液和鲸脂中全氟烷基物质（PFASs）、持久性有机氯（OCs）和天然产生的卤代化合物（NHCs）的积累情况，包括溴化甲基双吡咯和甲氧基化溴二苯醚。PFASs 的分布以全氟十一酸和全氟十三酸为主，两者在两种海豚物种中的总测量 PFAS 浓度中均占 70%。白海豚肝脏中∑PFCA 的平均浓度为 573ng/g 湿重（ng/g-湿重），全血中为 62ng/g-湿重，鲸脂中为 28ng/g-湿重，均显著高于（p<0.05）港湾海豚。肝脏中全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）的浓度<14ng/g-湿重，仅占总测量 PFASs 的 3%。海豚体内 PFASs 的分布与该地区鱼类相似，表明东亚地区可能存在共同的 PFASs 暴露源。另一方面，在白海豚的鲸脂中，NHCs 以 2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-七氯-1'-甲基-1,2'-双吡咯（867ng/g-湿重）、5,5'-二氯-1,1'-二甲基-3,3',4,4'-四溴-2,2'-双吡咯（481ng/g-湿重）和 6-甲氧基-2,2',4,4'-四溴二苯醚（30ng/g-湿重）为主，浓度均高于港湾海豚。经过最大方差旋转因子分析，因子 1 对白海豚肝脏中浓度最高的长链 PFCAs 和 PFOS 的特征向量（特征值中的元素）较高，而因子 2 主要与两种物种中脂溶性 NHCs 和 OCs 相关。在海豚中，长链 PFCAs 与 NHCs 之间没有相关性，这可能是由于来源和积累动力学不同。未来的研究应评估亚太地区哺乳动物组织中 PFASs 和 NHCs 的时间趋势和长期影响。
