Department of Bioenergetics N. A. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Biological Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Leninsky Gory, 1b. 40, Moscow 119991, Russia.
Brain Research Department Research Center of Neurology, Moscow 125367, Russia.
Rev Neurosci. 2018 Mar 28;29(3):233-240. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0051.
One of the approaches to the research of the problem of aging is the study of genetic pathologies leading to accelerated aging, such as the Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, Werner syndrome, and Down syndrome. Probably, this approach can be used in an attempt to understand the neuronal mechanisms underlying normal and pathological brain aging. The analysis of the current state of scientific knowledge about these pathologies shows that in the Hutchinson-Gilford progeria and Werner syndrome, the rate of brain aging is significantly lower than the rate of whole body aging, whereas in Down syndrome, the brain ages faster than other organs due to amyloid-beta accumulation and chronic oxidative stress in the brain tissue. The main point of a previously proposed hypothesis is that the aging of higher animals and humans is associated with an increased level of reactive oxygen species in mitochondria with age, which activates apoptosis, thus reducing the number of functioning cells.
研究衰老问题的方法之一是研究导致加速衰老的遗传病理学，例如哈钦森-吉尔福德早衰综合征、沃纳综合征和唐氏综合征。也许，这种方法可以用于尝试理解正常和病理性大脑衰老的神经元机制。对这些病理学的现有科学知识的分析表明，在哈钦森-吉尔福德早衰症和沃纳综合征中，大脑衰老的速度明显低于全身衰老的速度，而在唐氏综合征中，由于脑组织中淀粉样β的积累和慢性氧化应激，大脑衰老的速度比其他器官快。以前提出的假设的要点是，随着年龄的增长，高等动物和人类的衰老与线粒体中活性氧物质水平的增加有关，这会激活细胞凋亡，从而减少功能细胞的数量。
